Flow Injection - ICP-MS

Flow injection (FI) provides a powerful approach to trace element analysis (Valcaicel and Luque de Castro, 1999 Sanz Medel, 1999). FI methodologies are realistic alternatives to ion chromatography and hence offer scope for extending and/or advancing analytical capabilities for bromate determination. 

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Figure 9.50 Determination of 232Th in small volumes of aqueous solution by flow injection ICP-MS (using Micro Mist), (j. S. Becker, R. S. Soman, K. L. Sutlon, j. A Caruso and H. j. Dietze, J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 14, 933(1999). Reproduced by permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry.)...

Figure 18.6. Schematic of an HPLC flow injection-ICP-MS hydride generation system (a) and real-time measurement of As species via hydride formation (b).

Trace and ultratrace impurities (Ti, Zn, Ga, Nb, Sn, Sb, Te, several lanthanides, Ta, Ir, Pt, Pb, Bi and U) in the xgg range and below in wet digested steel samples (with aqua regia in a microwave oven) have been determined by ICP-ToFMS. For Ca determination in steel, an analytical procedure was introduced with microwave assisted digestion and matrix separation by flow injection ICP-MS to solve the interference problem ( C 02 and Si °0 on analyte ion " " Ca+) after treatment with H2SO4 and HF, and a detection limit of 0.6(xgg was obtained. The determination of trace and ultratrace impurities in high purity (4N) copper samples, after digestion... 

Dean, J.R., Ebdon, L., Crews, H.M. and Massey, R.C., Characteristics of flow injection-ICP-MS for trace metal analysis. J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 3 (1988) 349-354. 

Th, 234u, 239pu 240p Flow injection-ICP-MS with solid-phase extraction Hollenbach et al. [90]... 

Flow injection coupled to ICP-MS has shown itself to be very diverse and flexible in meeting the demands presented by complex samples, as indicated in the foregoing references. However, one of the most interesting areas of research is in the direct analysis of seawater by flow injection ICP-MS. Traditionally, seawater is very difficult to analyze by ICP-MS because of two major problems. First, the high NaCl content will block the sampler cone orifice over time, unless a 10-20-fold dilution is made of the sample. This is not such a major problem with coastal waters, because the levels are high enough. However, if the sample is open-ocean seawater, this is not an option, because the trace metals are at a much lower level. The other difficulty associated with the analysis of seawater is that ions from the water, chloride matrix, and the plasma gas can combine to generate polyatomic spectral interferences, which are a problem, particularly for the first-row transition metals. 

Analytical Results for NASS-4 Open-Ocean Seawater Certified Reference Material, Using Flow Injection ICP-MS Methodology... 

Denoyer, E. R., Stroh, A., and Qinghong, L. (1993). High sample throughput with rapid microsampling flow injection ICP-MS. At. Spectrosc. 14(2), 55—59. 

Hywel Evans, E.,Truscott,J.B., Bromley, L., and Jones, P. (1998). Evaluation of chelation preconcentration for the determination of actinide elements by flow injection ICP-MS. ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ., p. 79. 

Willie, S. N.,Tekgul, H., and Sturgeon, R. E. (1998). Immobilization of 8-hydroxyquinoline onto silicone tubing for the determination of trace elements in seawater using flow injection ICP-MS. Talanta 47(2), 439. 

Kozono, S., Sakamoto, H., Takashi, R., and Haraguchi, H. (1998) Multielement determination of ultratrace impurities in high purity tantalum metals by flow injection/ICP-MS. Anal. Sci., 14, 757-62. 

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