Flow chart, technology

Patent laws provide for several stages in the life of an application for a patent on an invention. The pattern followed by patent laws in effect in most industrialized countries during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and still in effect in the United States in 1995, calls for the examination of all patent appHcations to certify that the claimed invention meets the national standards for novelty, usehilness, and inventiveness. The owner of the technology to be patented files appHcation papers that include a specification containing a description of the invention to be patented (called the disclosure) and claims defining the limits of the invention to be protected by the patent, a formal request for the issuance of a patent, and fees. Drawings of devices and apparatuses, electrical circuits, flow charts, etc, are an important part of the disclosures of most nonchemical and many chemical patents. 

Fig. 1. An overview of the DCLD tier/triage flow chart Boxes 1, 2, and 3 are taken from the Office of Device Evaluation decision tree, which is routinely used to determine whether a product can be reviewed as a 510(k) and found substantially equivalent to a predicate (currently marked) device or whether the product must be handled as a fundamentally new product and submitted to a PMA review. Box 4 determines the novelty of the product in terms of analyte, matrix, and/or technology. If new issues of safety and effectiveness are raised, a highly novel product might require review as a PMA. If the issues of safety and effectiveness are not new but require high-level scrutiny, then a tier III review is warranted. Examples of products requiring a tier III review would include 1. Analyte troponin for diagnosis of MI (with creatinine kinase as the predicate) 2. Matrix sweat patches for drugs of abuse (with urine drugs of abuse tests as the predicate) and 3. Technology nucleic acid...

The advantage of a direct reaction is that it is independent of the demand and supply balance of the coproduct (glycol or ammonia), which forms part of the indirect route. Feedstock supply is also an issue. A flow chart comparing the three technologies is shown in Scheme 7.7. 

Technology development has proceeded along the lines illustrated in the technology flow chart. Figure l6. 

Figure 1 Process Flow Chart of the Vacuum Pyrolysis Pyrocycling Technology...

The following flow chart (Figure 5.48) gives an overview over the most common flavoured dairy products. It shows the production technology of yoghurt, fresh cheese products, milk rice and directly flavoured dairy products. 

Expert systems technology can be useful. We have demonstrated the ease of use and logic-documentation capabilities of a prototype using the UN flow chart and the KDS expert system development software. KDS Corp personnel have also demonstrated the relative ease with which our Loss Prevention Data Sheets can be represented in expert systems format. They will be happy to explain their demo "PEROX" based on our D.S. 7-81 (48). At present, however, the "PEROX" demo has been neither funded nor endorsed by the FM System. 

Figure 13.8 Flow chart for sucrose-water technology for polyether polyol fabrication...

A flow chart for the synthesis of Mannich polyols, by oxazolidine technology is presented in Figure 15.5. 

The first assay platform, developed by Illumina, combines allele-specific ligation with an extension reaction. The method, called the GoldenGate assay, uses the BeadArray technology, a method using fiberoptic substrates with randomly assembled arrays of beads. Detailed information and flow charts of the methodology can be found at the Illumina website (http //www.illumina.com/products/prod snp. ilmn). 

Fig. 10 Flow-chart of an early iPP production plant based on violet TiCl3 catalysis (Hercules technology reproduced with permission from [11])...

Since this value of the maximum stress is close to the value assumed to obtain the apparent modulus the answer is correct within the accuracy of the data. If it were not, the new apparent modulus is obtained by interpolation between the curves and the process repeated until the assumed stress level and the corresponding apparent modulus are close to the assumed values. This calculation can be set up for computer analysis and the appropriate flow chart and program are shown below. (These data will be meaningless to persons who are unfamiliar with computer technology.)... 

Figure 11.6 Flow chart of silicon carbide processing (T N Technology Ltd., Rugby, UK).

There are various fault flow charts in standards or other rules of technology, covering the specific design requirements of fail-safe behaviour for the safety device in question. The principle of all fault flow charts is always the same. The chart begins with the "ist failure" (e.g. emitter-collector of any transistor short circuit). It is to be verified that after each "ist failure" no dangerous situation may occur. If so, one has to ask what else happens after the "ist failure". There are 4 answers to this question ... 

The temperature of the screw was measured by several investigators [29-32]. The measurements were performed by mounting thermocouples in an axial hole bored in the center of the screw or by protruding the thermocouples into the melt flow. The sensor signals were then transmitted to a chart recorder using an electrical rotary union. The technology available at the time of these measurements limited the number of sensors in the screw and the quality of the data. 

It is a group activity, optimally between five to ten people. At least two-thirds of the people invited to the brainstorming session should have ideally a variety of experience obtained in different fields. Preferably an experienced, neutral facilitator should run the session, whose job is to record the ideas on a flip chart, electronic white board or other appropriate technology and to stimulate and orchestrate the flow of ideas from the participants. For somebody inexperienced in facilitating a brainstorming session there are some guidelines to be followed. 

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