Flooding rainfall intensity

SEA-OGFC mixes over conventional mixtures is reflected in their higher coefficients of permeability, Ky, and flooding rainfall intensity, If shown in Table 3 [50]. 

Asphalt Grade o/w S in Binder Coefficient, Kv(cm/sec) Predicted Flooding Rainfall Intensity Ip, (in/hr)... 

The surface water runoff from paved/hard standing areas also depends on rainfall intensity calculated from the geographical locations of the site and storm-return period. However, the return period for a site will be far higher than for a building in order to ensure prevention of persistent flooding of the site. In many instances the local authority may specify the storm-return period as the design criterion. 

The intensity of a hurricane will diminish after it makes landfall. The effects of a hurricane on inland areas can include flash flooding and riverine flooding from intense rainfall. Due to the effects of a storm surge on coastal areas, rivers draining into the ocean are susceptible to increased levels causing inland areas to flood. 

Jones, J.O. (1938). Discussion of Rainfall intensities and frequencies. Trans. ASCE 103 372-379. Jones, J.O. (1940). Discussion of Functional design of flood control reservoirs. Trans. ASCE 105 1669. 

In the late 1800s the main environmental problem in America, with its extremes of rainfall, was flooding. High intensity rainfall episodes caused violent flooding in many river valleys. Since the best farmlands were often in such valleys floods could be immensely destructive of crops and property. Cities in river valleys suffered substantial loss of life in such floods. Two techniques were used in attempts to control such floods levees and dams. Levees and dams were built on an empirical basis using human labor and techniques dating back to ancient Egyptian... 

Prolonged rainfall over several days can cause a river or stream to overflow and flood surrounding areas. A flash flood from a broken dam or levee or after intense rainfall of 1 inch (or more) per hour often catches people unprepared. 

The scientific community almost unanimously agrees that global warming is accompanied by changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events such as intense hurricanes, tornadoes, and flooding from more frequent and intense rainfall [22-24], These events almost always result in the release of large quantities of toxic chemical mixtures of unpredictable composition. The following sections demonstrate this phenomenon. 

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