Flocculation polymeric flocculating agents

AUylamines are somewhat unique in that both amine and olefin functionahties are available. This allows the aHylamines to find uses in many areas where the simpler aLkylamines are not suitable, eg, taking advantage of the double bond to form polymeric ammonium salts used as flocculating agents (see... 

Some polymers from styrene derivatives seem to meet specific market demands and to have the potential to become commercially significant materials. For example, monomeric chlorostyrene is useful in glass-reinforced polyester recipes because it polymerizes several times as fast as styrene (61). Poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) [9003-59-2] a versatile water-soluble polymer, is used in water-poUution control and as a general flocculant (see Water, INDUSTRIAL WATER TREATMENT FLOCCULATING AGENTs) (63,64). Poly(vinylhenzyl ammonium chloride) [70304-37-9] h.a.s been useful as an electroconductive resin (see Electrically conductive polya rs) (65). 

Flocculating agents can be simple electrolytes that are capable of reducing the zeta potential of suspended charged particles. Examples include small concentrations (0.01-1%) of monovalent ions (e.g., sodium chloride, potassium chloride) and di- or trivalent ions (e.g., calcium salts, alums, sulfates, citrates or phosphates) [80-83], These salts are often used jointly in the formulations as pH buffers and flocculating agents. Controlled flocculation of suspensions can also be achieved by the addition of polymeric colloids or alteration of the pH of the preparation. 

The controlled flocculation method may be used in conjunction with the addition of a polymeric material to form a structured vehicle. After the formation of the floes, an aqueous solution of polymeric material, usually negatively charged, such as carboxy-methylcellulose or carbopol, is added. The concentration employed depends on the consistency desired for the suspension, which also relates to the size and density of the dispersed phase. Care must be taken to ensure the absence of any incompatibility between the flocculating agent and the polymer used for the formation of the structured vehicle. 

When formulating a deflocculated system, a number of materials may be used as dispersion aids. De-flocculating agents include polymerized organic salts of... 

Organic polymeric flocculating agents, mechanisms of, 77 632-633 Organic polymeric thin films, quasi phase matching in, 7 7 451 Organic polymers... 

The acid chlorides of both acrylic and methaciylic adds polymerize by a free-radical mechanism in dry aromatic and aliphatic solvents. Molecular weights of the products, however, are low, usually under 10,Polyaaylic and polymethaciylic adds are used industrially as thickeners in cosmetics, as flocculating agents, and when copolymerized with divinyl benzene in ion-exchange resins. 

Precaution Flamm. liq. LEL 3.3% UEL 54.8% polymerizes explosively in presence of acids usually contains inhibitors to prevent polymerization explosive silver derive, may be formed with silver alloys (e.g., silver solder) Uses Flocculating agent in water treatment as coating agent as adhesive chemical intermediate... 

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