Flexible Measuring Devices

New monitoring devices, either for the fixed or the mobile, flexible measurement locations,... 

If operated on clean, dry plant air, pneumatic controllers offer good performance and are extremely reliable. In many cases, however, plant air is neither clean nor dry. A poor-quality air supply will cause unreliable performance of pneumatic controllers, pneumatic field measurement devices, and final control elements. The main shortcoming of the pneumatic controller is its lack of flexibility when compared to modem electronic controller designs. Increased range of adjustability, choice of alternative control algorithms, the communication link to the control system, and other features and services provided by the electronic controller make it a superior choice in most of todays applications. Controller performance is also affected by the time delay induced by pneumatic tubing mns. For example, a 100-m run of 6.35-mm ( -in) tubing will typically cause 5 s of apparent process dead time, which will limit the control performance of fast processes such as flows and pressures. 

To make slender objects for transducing traction forces, as in the case of cantilever force sensors, it is important to have control over the manufacturing dimensions. For this reason, nanotechnology and microfabrication have been used to construct the measurement devices. For example, cantilever beams have been built so thin and slender that although the elastic modulus of the materials are between 1 MPa and 100 GPa, the spring constant of the structure is in the range of 1-100 nN/pm. The structural flexibility allows the beam to deflect a few micrometers under the load of a traction force, which is an amount that is readily measured under a high-powered microscope. 

The resolution of two ion peaks in IMS depend on both the resolving power of the instrument and the separation selectivity of the buffer gas and ion interactions. Separation selectivity can be controlled by adjusting the drift gas polarizability, by the addition of modifiers to the drift gas, and by controlling the type of ions and ion adducts produced in the ionization process. Thus, the large number of instrumental parameters that exist for IMS makes the method complex as an analytical technique, but when parameters are optimized, IMS becomes a powerful and flexible analytical measurement device for a large number of analytes. 

In our research, we have demonstrated the power of combining nanostructured electrodes with multilabel particles or polymers to provide ultrahigh sensitivity, accuracy, flexibility, and low cost. The advantages of combining multiplexed immunoassays with microfluidics are realized in semi-automation, lower cost and reagent consumption, improved speed, and better signal/noise. Further automation and simplification of microfluidic systems is needed, however, for protein measurement devices to reach POC applications in the clinic. 

Characterization of textiles that have both a classical textile dimension and an extra electrical one needs consideration. Compared to classical electrical devices, textiles are soft, flexible, and of poor dimension stability. Using conventional electrical measurement methods and devices may result in imprecise or even wrong measurement results. In this chapter, the suitable resistance measurement methods for both conductive fibers and yams and textiles are introduced. Special measurement devices are demonstrated. In addition, the measurement dynamic electrical properties, ie, the electromechanical properties, are also presented. 

In Sec. 4.9.2.3 some proven devices for UV-VIS reflectance will be treated. 4.9.2.3 Flexible External Measuring Devices... 

A2.7 Flexible Coupler—A suitable flexible coupling shall be provided for connection of the rotating vapor pressure apparatus to the pressure measuring device. 

A wide variety of solid-state sensors based on hydrogen-specific palladium, metal oxide semiconductor (MOS), CB, electrochemical, and surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology are used in the industry for several years. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and nanotechnology-based devices for the measurement of hydrogen are the recent developments. These developments are mainly driven by the demands of the fuel cell industry. Solid-state approaches are gaining rapid popularity within the industry due to their low cost, low maintenance, replacements, and flexibility of multiple installations with minimal labor. 

Summarizing, the Avesta cell is a flexible and convenient device for measuring pitting corrosion without interference from crevice corrosion. 

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