Flea and tick collars

There are several unique topical dosage forms for animals. Four types of which the pharmacist should have a basic understanding or awareness are (a) pour-on/spot-on applications, (b) dust bags, (c) dips, and (d) flea and tick collars. These are used for treatment and prevention of internal and external parasites. 

This dosage form will be most familiar to the pharmacist since it is used for companion animals (dogs and cats) and is sold in most drugstores, supermarkets, and animal health product centers. There are two types of flea and tick collars, also known as slow-release pesticide generators vaporous and powder-producing collars. Both contain the insecticide and a plasticized solid thermoplastic resin. 

Products and Uses In flea and tick collars, sprays, and roach and ant killers. An insecticide for animal feed, cereals, cookies (packaged), crackers (packaged), figs (dried), flour, pork, and sugar. Excellent for controlling spiders and flying insects. 

Lotions and mists for the control and rcpellency of ear mites of dogs/puppies. cals/kittens, and rabbits are frequently formulated with PBO. A typical formulation will contain 0.15% pyrethrins synergized at a I 10 ratio with PBO-Since synergized pyrethrins are not cholinesterase inhibitors, they may be used in conjunction with flea and tick dips, collars and oral medications- Products based on pyreth ram and PBO offer veterinarians safe, effective residual action without (he inclusion of toxic additives and without restrictions on repeat applications or concomitant treatments with other insecticides or anthelmintics (MacDonald and Miller, 1986). 

Permethrin Is an extremely active insecticide with rapid knockdown effect against a variety of insects (fleas and ticks). Permethrin is marketed in a diversity of formulations such as collar (0.8-1.5%), topical concentrate (spot-on), spray (0.2-1%), shampoo (1%), dip, or cream rinse. Some formulations of permethrin contain furthermore piperonyl butoxide, A-octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide, di-n-propyl isocinchomeronate, pyrethrins, pyriproxyfen, or butoxypolypropylene glycol (repellent). 

There are two principal types of monolithic device. If the active agent is dissolved in the polymer medium, the device is called a monolithic solution. Examples of this type of device are pesticide-containing cat and dog collars to control ticks and fleas. Such devices are often used when the active agent is a liquid some polymers [for example, poly(vinyl chloride)] can easily sorb up to 20 % or more of these liquids. However, if the solubility of the active agent in the... 

Ticks and fleas tend to concentrate in or migrate through the neck area of the animal. As they do this, they contact the active pesticide on or released by the collar and are killed. Powder-producing collars have an advantage over vaporous ones in that by the movement of the dog or cat, the powder crystals (bloom) are rubbed or wiped onto the fur, which expands the contact area allowing it to continue to control the ticks and fleas [20]. 

Tetrachlorvinphos is commonly used as a feed additive to control flies in livestock and as dusts, sprays, dips, and collar ingredient to control ticks and fleas on domestic pets. It is extensively used in poultry. In horses formulations are commonly used as feed-through larvicide. In addition, tetrachlorvinphos is also used in the control of nuisance and public health pests. 

The laminate tape may also be used in its strip form as part of a collar for control of ticks and fleas on pet animals. Durations of control of these pests have been demonstrated to be up to 8 months for tick control. 

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