Flaxseed production

Schorno et al. (2004) compared milled flaxseed production using several mills which included roller, burr, hammer, and centrifugal cutting mills. The burr mill was found to be the least efficient for flaxseed milling. The roller mill... 

Flaxseed oil has been proposed to be a valuable ingredient for ice cream products (Hall and Schwarz, 2002). Flaxseed oil replaced between 10% and 25% of the milk fat in ice cream formulas has been investigated. The 25% flaxseed product exhibited an oil-like mouth feel however, the presence of... 

Drouillard, J.S., Good, E.J., Gordon, C.M., Kessen, TJ., Sulpizio, M.J., Montgomery, S.P., and Sindt, J. J. 2002. Flaxseed and flaxseed products for cattle Effects on health, growth performance, carcass quality and sensory attributes. In Proceedings of the 59th Flax Institute of the United States , pp. 72-87. Fargo, ND. 

Figure 2. Flaxseed production in Canada. Data include low linolenic flaxseed. Source Canada Grains Council Statistical Handbook 2001 (5).

Oomah, B.D. and Mazza, G. 1998. Flaxseed Products for Disease Prevention, in Functional Foods—Biochemical and Processing Aspects. Mazza, G. (ed.) Lancaster, PA Tech-nomic Publishing Co., Inc., pp. 91-138. 

FIGURE 6.1 Global flaxseed production in million metric ton and the Canadian share of fpAOST lmT ptedfrom the Food and Agriculture Organization... 

Dong quai and several other herbal products, including evening primrose oil, passion flowers, sage, valerian root, flaxseed, and wild yam, have not demonstrated efficacy with regard to the relief of vasomotor symptoms, and the safety of these products is also questionable.4,33,35 Therefore, these products should not be recommended for the relief of vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women. 

Bran, a grain milling waste product, and linseed (flaxseed) are both rich in cellulose. Other hydrophilic colloids derive from the seeds of Plantago species or karaya gum. Ingestion of hydrophilic gels for the prophylaxis of constipation usually entails a low risk of side effects. However, with low fluid intake in combination with a pathological bowel stenosis, mucilaginous viscous material could cause bowel occlusion (ileus). 

A dose-dependent formation of mammalian lignans has been reported (Nesbitt et al., 1999 Rickard et al., 1996). In humans, a dose-dependent response was based on daily dietary intake of flaxseed between 5 and 25 grams as flaxseed or in the form of a baked product (Nesbitt et al., 1999). Higher flaxseed intakes may not produce additional mammalian lignan concentrations based on the observation in rats that showed 4.4 pmol SDG/d did not produce higher mammalian lignan concentrations than the 2.2 pmol SDG/d treatment (Rickard et al., 1996). 

Caughey et al. (1996) reported that flaxseed oil inclusion into the diet of healthy volunteers resulted in 30% reduction in the production of the cytokines TNF-ot and IL-1 (3. These cytokines were inversely related to EPA levels in mononuclear cells. An intake of 1.8 g EPA and DHA per day and 9.0 g ALA per day over 4 weeks resulted in a 20%, 26%, and 36% reduction in IL-1 (3, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), and Thromboxane B2 (TXB2),... 

Allman et al. (1995) noted that platelet EPA levels were more than double for individuals fed flaxseed oil compared to sunflower oil group. Platelet EPArarachidonic acid ratio (i.e., marker for thromboxane production and platelet aggregation potential) increased in the flaxseed group, thus a protective effect against cardiovascular disease, over LA-rich oils, would be expected. Their findings support the decreased platelet aggregation observed in hyperlipidemic subjects fed flaxseed (Bierenbaum et al., 1993). 

Mason and Hall (1948) noted the potential use of flaxseed gum in soft drinks, candy, processed cheese, jellies, and fruit juice. Garden (1993) reported that flaxseed gum significantly improved bread quality and shelf life, and suggested the use of the gum fraction as a food ingredient in food products. Chemical, physical, and functional properties of flaxseed gum have been documented (Chornick et al, 2002 Cui et al, 1994b, 1994c Mazza and... 

Muir and Westcott (2000) investigated the stability of SDG in baked products. SDG content of flaxseed bread was stable during baking process... 

Flaxseed as an animal feed has been limited until recently, although the benefits of feeding flaxseed to animals have been observed for nearly 100 years. Many of these observations have become folklore such as shinner coats and improved animal health. Quantifying the benefit to animal health is needed. However, some studies have shown general health improvement along with enhancement to animal production and end product quality. For a review of the health and production issues see the extension publications of Maddock et al. (2005), Novak and Scheideler (1998), and Puthpongsiriporn and Scheideler (2001). 

Carter, J. 1993. Potential of flaxseed and flaxseed oil in baked goods and other products in human nutrition. Cer. Foods World 38, 753-759. 

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