Flavor and Extract Manufacturers’ Association FEMA

In 1992 a large number of flavor materials were allowable on the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) and EDA fists (Tables 4... 

The Food Chemicals Codex, Fifth Edition, uses the nomenclature convention (Z) and (E) to specify the structure of acyclic double bonds in organic chemicals, specifically cis and trans. The FCC name of the substance is followed, where available, by the number assigned to the substance by the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) and by its synonym(s). The explanatory notes to the specifications in this section apply throughout the tabular series and are as follows ... 

The Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA), founded in 1909, represents the interests of its members in the US flavor industry including flavor manufacturers, users, ingredient suppliers, and other interested parties. FEMA maintains a strong scientific program to evaluate the safety of flavor ingredients. 

In response to the Food Additives Amendment, the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) organized in 1960 a Panel of Expert Scientists (FEXPAN), not affiliated with the flavour industry, but with special competencies in toxicology, pharmacology and biochemistry. The Panel evaluated the GRAS status of the many hundreds of organic chemicals contained in natural and artificial foods and flavourings. The PDA was kept informed of this activity of FEMA. Subsequent to the release... 

These conclusions were made on the presentation of scientific, manufacturing and use information provided by the manufacturers though their trade association, die Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) of the United States (7). 

Of the 460 individual ingredients listed by Doull et al. [1053, see Table 1 in (3266)], 117 (25%) are esters (Table V-1) and all have been approved for use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or by the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA). Of the 117 esters listed by Doull et al., 46 (39%) have been identihed in untreated cigarette tobacco and/or its smoke (indicated by -1- in Table V-1) and 18 are either an homolog (indicated by H in Table V-1) or an isomer (indicated by I in Table V-1) of a known tobacco and/or smoke component. 

Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA). (1975) Scienti c literature review of alicyclic substances used as avor ingredients. U.S. National Technical Information Services, PB86-1558351/LL, FEMA, Wahington, DC. 

Fifteen flavorant compounds approved by the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) for the GRAS list have been found to be carcinogenic to laboratory animals. These inclnde benzyl acetate, cinnamyl anthranilate, ethyl aaylate, and pyridine [66]. Thongh the author of the smdy concludes that the levels of these compounds found in foods are below the thresholds of carcinogenic concern, no consideration was given to the effects of mixtures, which have been shown to indnce effects at lower concentration than individnal compoimds [50,67]. 

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