Flammable liquids toluene

Benzene is a flammable liquid and its vapors are toxic and explosive. Low concentrations are dangerous on continued inhalation because benzene affects the blood forming function of the bone marrow and it is a cancirogen. Dermatitis may result from repeated skin contact. Alkyl derivatives such as toluene and xylenes are far less toxic and are, therefore, much safer than benzene for use in solvents. Some of the symptoms of benzene poisoning are dizziness, constriction of the chest, and tightening of the leg muscles. 

Toluene is a colorless, flammable liquid with a benzene-like odor, bp 110.8°C, flash point 4.4°C, ignition temperature 552°C, and TLV (TWA) = 50 ppm. 

TOLUENE Methylbenzene, Metitylbenzol, Toluol Flammable Liquid, 11 2 3 0... 

Caution. PMe3 is an oxygen-sensitive, flammable liquid PBz3 is an irritant. These phosphines are best stored in an inert atmosphere glovebox. The 1.0 M PMe3 solution in toluene is recommended. 

Aryl halide derivatives of benzene and toluene have many uses in chemical synthesis as pesticides and raw materials for pesticides manufacture, solvents, and a diverse variety of other applications. These widespread uses over many decades have resulted in substantial human exposure and environmental contamination. Three example aryl halides are shown in Figure 1.17. Monochlorobenzene is a flammable liquid boiling at 132°C. It is used as a solvent, heat transfer fluid, and synthetic reagent. Used as a solvent, 1,2-dichlorobenzene is employed for degreasing hides and wool. It also serves as a synthetic reagent for dye manufacture. Bromobenzene is a liquid boiling at 156°C that is used as a solvent, motor oil additive, and intermediate for organic synthesis. 

Toluene (C6H5CH3, boiling point 110.8°C, density 0.8548, flash point 4.4°C, ignition temperature 552°C) is a colorless, flammable liquid with a benzenelike odor that is essentially insoluble in water but is fully miscible with alcohol, ether, chloroform, and many other organic liquids. Toluene dissolves iodine, sulfur, oils, fats, resins, and phosgene. When ignited, toluene burns with a smoky flame. Unlike benzene, toluene cannot be easily purified by crystallization. 

M toluene solution of diethylzinc, 9 mL, 18 mmol flammable liquid, moisture-sensitive... 

Uses Xylene occurs in the manufacture of different petroleum products and as an impurity in benzene and toluene. It is a colorless and flammable liquid. Commercial xylene is a mixture of three isomers, namely, ortho-, meta-, and paraisomer. It is extensively used in industries associated with paints, rubber, inks, resins, adhesives, paper coating, solvents, and emulsifiers. It also is used in the manufacture of plasticizers, glass-reinforced polyesters, and alkyl resins. Xylene is used as an important raw material. 

Flammable liquids include organic solvents widely used in silicone production, such as benzene, toluene, xylene (a mixture of isomers), chlorobenzene, methyl, ethyl and butyl alcohols. 

Tables 16 and 17 list the analytical test methods for different properties of interest. The Manufacturing Chemists Association, Inc. (MCA) has published the Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD 63, which describes in detail procedures for safe handling of use of toluene (46). The Interstate Commerce Commission classifies toluene as a flammable liquid. Accordingly, it must be packaged in authorized containers, and shipping must comply with ICC regulations. Properties related to safe handling are autoignition temperature, 536°C explosive limits, 1.27—7.0 vol % in air and flash point 4.4°C, closed cup.

A flammable chemical substance is a solid, liquid, vapor, or gas that ignites easily and burns rapidly in air. Many of the flammable chemicals used in laboratories are flammable liquids and organic solvents. The vapors of these chemical substances form ignitable mixtures with air. Based on the flash points of these chemicals, classifications are made. The flash point of a chemical substance is defined as the lowest temperature at which a fuel-air mixture present above the surface of a liquid will ignite, if an ignition source is present. The common flammable chemical substances include, but are not restricted to, acetone, benzene, cyclohexane, ethanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl ether, gasoline, hexane, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, propanol, tetrahydro-furan and toluene, and xylene. 

Toluene (Figure 3.2a) is the principle intoxicant in many inhaled products and is one of the most frequently abused chemicals. Its chemical formula is C Hg, and it is a colorless, flammable liquid with a sweet, pungent odor. It occurs naturally in the tolu tree, in crude oil fuels, and from the distillation of coal tar. Toluene is used to boost the amount of octane in... 

Toluene is a clear, flammable liquid with a sweet odor that is widely used in both the chemical and the pharmaceutical industries. In terms of production, it is the 24th highest volume chemical in the United States. It is derived mainly from petroleum refining and only a small percentage of that produced is used directly. 

A1MC3 mp 15 °C, bp 126 °C/760 mmHg. Flammable liquid that is highly sensitive to air and moisture, most conveniently handled as a toluene solution (10-20%). 

METHYL TOLUENE (1330-20-7) CsH, Highly flammable liquid. Forms explosive mixture with air [explosion limits in air (vol %) 1.0 to 7.0 flash point approximately 78°F/26°C autoignition temp 870°F/466°C Fire Rating 3]. Contact with strong... 

The equilibrium vapor pressure of a flammable liquid at its closed-cup flash point about equals its LFL in percent by volume. Thus, the vapor pressure of toluene at its closed-cup flash point (4.4°C or 40°F) of 1.2 percent (1.2 kPa) is close to its LFL of 1.1 percent. The composite LFL of a mixture may be estimated by Le Chatelier s Rule ... 

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