Fixed biological indicator

Baker, R. G. V. Haworth, R. J. 2000a. Smooth or oscillating late Holocene sea-level curve Evidence from cross-regional statistical regression of fixed biological indicators. Marine Geology, 163, 353—365. 

Aseptic BPS machines are subject to steam-in-place sterilization following standard CIP cycles. The SIP cycles are routinely measured by thermocouples located in fixed positions along the product pathway. Validation of SIP cycles should be carried out to demonstrate that consistent sterilization temperatures are achieved throughout the equipment to prove that the system can be effectively sterilized. Validation should also identify suitable positions for routine use, or justify the fixed probe positions already in place. The SIP validation is generally carried out with the help of additional thermocouples and should include the use of biological indicators (appropriate for moist heat sterilization). Test locations should include areas which may be prone to air or condensate entrapment. An accurate engineering line drawing of the system to aid identification of suitable test locations and document test locations selected should be available. 

Figures 4.44 and 4.45, best viewed in color, show a benign complication of the problem caused by the Lewis numbers. If, however, we reduce the Lewis number LeA further to 0.07, the system trajectories indicate periodic explosions of the underlying system throughout all time, and the trajectories do not converge to the steady state at all, even with what we thought to be proper feedback. The trajectory that these curves settle at is called a periodic attractor of the system in contradistinction to the earlier encountered point attractor of Figures 4.43 or 4.44, for example. A point attractor, or more accurately a fixed-point attractor, is a more commonly encountered steady state in chemical and biological engineering systems. It could be called a stationary nonequilibrium state to distinguish it from the stationary equilibrium states associated with closed or isolated batch processes.

This equation indicates that the coil sensitivity varies inversely with the diameter of the coil (for a fixed length-to-diameter ratio). For diameters below 3mm, the AC resistance of the coil itself acts as the major noise source, even for lossy biological samples. The resistance depends on both the winding geometry (including wire diameter, number of turns, and turn spacing) and the resistivity of the conductor. 

Clipping of the linear derivative 4-H4 to fix the WAG-sequence in a bent conformation proceeds smoothly by addition of 02Mo(acac)2 and K2CO3 in methanol. The ds-dioxomolybdenum(VI) complex K2[4MoC>2] is characterized by spectroscopic methods like NMR or ESI-MS. The results obtained indicate that only one of the two possible stereoisomers is formed. This shows that the amino acids of the WAG sequence are able to induce chirality perfectly at the metal complex unit. The good resolution and signal dispersion in the H NMR spectrum indicate the peptide turn adopts a well defined conformation. From the present results, however, it cannot be deduced if this conformation is the biologically active one [34],... 

The saponifiable portion of the fatty oil accounts for about 90% of the total fixed oil and is characterized by a very high content of octadecenoic acids. Petroselinic and oleic acid occur at similar levels and jointly comprise 74-85%, linoleic 7-16% and palmitic 4-8%, of the constituent fatty acids. During prolonged storage of the spice, the free fatty acid content gradually increases and this is a good indicator of the age of the material. The contents of fatty acids, sterols and total tocopherols in a deodorized oil derived from coriander seeds (yield up to 28%) are compared with those in sunflower oil and tests on the biological effects of coriander oil are reported by Mironova et al. (1991). Of the fatty acids present, total C18 1 acids (petroselinic acid + oleinic acids) constituted 80—82% and petroselinic acid alone 50—60%, and the food value was lower than that of sunflower oif. Kim et al. (1996) found the production of petroselinic acid from cell suspension cultures of C. Sativum. 

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