Fixation technologies

Alternatives 4 and 5 use treatment or fixation technologies to reduce the inherent hazards posed by all known waste at the site, posing more than a lx 10-6 excess cancer risk level by ingestion. However, neither alternative completely treats all of the soil at the site. Both alternatives produce 22,937 m3 (30,000 yd3) of fixed soil, and 13,762 to 15,291 m3 (18,000 to 20,000 yd3) of treated soil. Under Alternative 5, there would remain 13,762 m3 (18,000 yd3) of soil (with 99.8% TCE removal). Under Alternative 4, there would remain 15,291 m3 (20,000 yd3) of soil (with 99.9% TCE removal). These two alternatives would satisfy the statutory preference for treatment as a principal element. 

R. Wang, A.N. Clarke Wamax, Inc., Bellevue, WA Developing new lead fixation technologies... 

Fluor Daniel GTl, Inc. (now part of the IT Corporation), has developed in situ geochemical fixation technology to immobilize metallic contaminants in soil, sediment, sludge, and groundwater. The technology uses a site- and contaminant-specific combination of reagents to convert ionic contaminants to less soluble forms. In situ geochemical fixation has been used to remediate sites contaminated with chromium, uranium, molybdenum, and copper. 

Soil Reclamation Processes Microbiological Analyses and Applications, edited by Robert L. Tate III and Donald A. Klein Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation Technology, edited by Gerald H. Elkan... 

Nitrogen fixation technology proposed, Chem. Eng. News, Dec. 11, 1989, 16. 

A range of fixation technologies have been developed to take advantage of pad dyeing. Some have been evolutionary, whereas others have been developed specifically for a particular dye-fiber product. A summary of the key features of the various fixation technologies and their sustainability issues is given in the following sections. 

Depending on the boundary conditions, the optimal technology to decrease the silver in the rinsing water, may either be electrolytic desilvering or cascade fixation. 

Fairly complete alternative can increase volume of or modify all technologies if significant metal concentrations are present in Area 2, could use fixation... 

Availability of technologies Cost None required Cap technology readily available Vapor extraction will need to be developed require pilot testing Vapor extraction and fixation well developed will require pilot testing Incineration and fixation well developed will require pilot testing... 

Recently, Hologic, Inc. developed a fully automated cell block system, Cellient system (Bedford, MA), expecting to improve capture, presentation, consistency, and efficiency of cell block preparation. This system is built on ThinPrep technology with vacuum-assisted filtration to maximize cell collection. The cell block can be produced in less than an hour.39 However, the biggest concern of this methodology is the fixation issue. Cellient system adopts alcohol instead of formalin for fixation, which unfortunately creates problems for ICC analysis. 

In the case of frozen sections without fixation, a skillful technology is required to stably create slices that are several micrometers thick. For this reason, in most reports, the samples are prepared with slices that are 10-20 pm thick.11... 

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