First-generation biorefineries

First-generation biorefineries are based on the direct utilization of classical forms of biomasses and forestry residues. There are two types of first-generation biorefinery processes. One is the conversion processes of sugar-rich biomass by fermentation for bioeth ol production, and the other is the conversion processes of oil-rich biomass by transesterification for biodiesel production (Tolan, 2006). 

Starch- and sugar-containing crops are quantitatively the most important products of today s agricultural system. Most of the existing biorefinery concepts are based on these plants and they are referred to as first-generation feedstock (vide supra), but they also constitute the backbone of human nutrition. General characteristics of this type of biorefinery are listed in Table 1.1. 

Technological implementation status conventional and advanced biorefineries first, second, and third generation biorefineries. 

Based on the conversion technologies used to produce different products, biorefineries have been classified into three types, namely, first-, second-, and third-generation biorefineries. 

FIGURE 19.3 Biorefinery concepts that integrate the first and second generation bio-adipic acid. (For a color version, see the color plate section.)... 

FIGURE 19.3 Biorefinery concepts that integrate the first and second generation bio-adipic acid. 

The first results and conclusions of a critical review by the country representatives in lEA Bioenergy Task 42 show that the Biorefinery Complexity Index adds additional relevant information on the assessment and comparison of different biorefinery systems. It was concluded that the results are potentially relevant for industry, decision-makers as well as investors as additional information is generated to assist them in their strategies to implement the most promising biorefinery systems by minimizing technical and economic risks. 

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