Fire wick

Before Nobel s work/ black powder was ignited (not detonated) by direct insertion of a fired match or something similar into the main powder mass. Cannoneers used a fired wick, and sappers had to light the fuzes on their breeching charges. The only slight concession or transition was the advent of percussion caps, a blow to which would set off the main charge. 

Some of the tests and criterion used to define fire resistance may be found in the Hterature (9). Additionally, the compression—ignition and hot manifold tests as defined in MIL-H-19457 and MIL-H-5606, respectively the Wick test as defined by Federal Standards 791, Method 352 flash point and fire point as defined in ASTM D92 autoignition temperature as defined in ASTM D2155 and linear flame propagation rate are defined in ASTM D5306 are used. 

Other Considerations Autoignition can occur if combustible fluids are absorbed by wicking-type insulations. Chloride stress corrosion of austenitic stainless steel can occur when chlorides are concentrated on metal surfaces at or above approximately 60°C (140°F). The chlorides can come from sources other than the insulation. Some calcium sihcates are formulated to exceed the requirements of the MIL-I-24244A specification. Fire resistance of insulations varies widely. Calcium sihcate, cellular glass, glass fiber, and mineral wool are fire-resistant but do not perform equally under actual fire conditions. A steel jacket provides protection, but aluminum does not. 

A 4.9 g sample of the liquid siloxane in a glass dish was put into a bomb calorimeter (on an open bench) containing 5 ml of sodium hydroxide solution to absorb combustion gases. The electric igniter system consisted of a metal wire in contact with a cotton-wool wick which dipped into the siloxane sample. The bomb was sealed, pressured up to 39-44 bar with oxygen, and the igniter was fired. A violent explosion blew the lid off the bomb (rated at 190 bar working, 250 bar test), and examination of the deformed bomb indicated that a maximum detonation pressure of around 900 bar had been attained. 

The Greek asbestos means inextinguishable, but it is apparent from early descriptive comments that the characteristic of incombustibility was implicit (Luschen, 1968). Old synonyms for asbestos, such as salamander stone, referring to a mythical animal that endured fire without harm encompass both meanings, as does the belief that tomb lamps with asbestos wicks burned indefinitely, or at least until all of the oil, but not the wick, was consumed (Theophrastus, brans, by Caley and Richards, 1956). 

Asbestos has been known and used for over 2000 years. Egyptians used asbestos cloth to prepare bodies for burial. The Romans called it aminatus and used it as a cremation cloth and for lamp wicks. Marco Polo described its use in the preparation of fire-resistant textiles in the... 

The exact location of Sodom and Gomorrah is difficult to establish. The Biblical account of their destruction reads Then die Lord rained upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the Lord out of heaven (Gen. 19, 24). In his unsympathetic interpretation of Job s suffering, Bildad set forth the punishment of the wicked, and added that... 

Asdestas,—This matorial is of frequent use in the laboratory, and in the manufacture of various articles destined to resist the action of fire, such as lamp-wicks, et cetera. Annexed is its composition t—... 

Ruggieri s Russian fire, as his son later described it, consisted of crystallized copper acetate 4 parts, copper sulfate 2 parts, and ammonium chloride 1 part,13 all finely pulverized and mixed with alcohol, and placed upon cotton wick attached to spikes upon the thin metal pieces which were the leaves of the palm tree. The resulting display would not be impressive according to modern standards. 

There is another condition which you must learn as regards the candle, without which you would not be able fully to understand the philosophy of it, and that is the vaporous condition of the fuel. In order that you may understand that, let me shew you a very pretty, but very common-place experiment. If you blow a candle out cleverly, you will see the vapour rise from it. You have, I know, often smelt the vapour of a blown-out candle-and a very bad smell it is but if you blow it out cleverly, you will be able to see pretty well the vapour into which this solid matter is transformed. I will blow out one of these candles in such a way as not to disturb the air around it, by the continuing action of my breath and now, if I hold a lighted taper two or three inches from the wick, you will observe a train of fire going through the air till it reaches the candle. I am obliged to be quick and ready, because, if I allow the vapour time to cool, it becomes condensed into a liquid or solid, or the stream of combustible matter gets disturbed. 

The light, or fire of the sun, clothed with rays of ether, concentrated and reverberated on the surface of the earth, takes the nature of Elementary Fire, or of that of our kitchens. This latter passes into the nature of the Celestial Fire by being dilated, and becomes Central by being concentrated in matter. We have an example of these three fires in a lighted candle its light in its expansion represents Celestial Fire its flame Elementary Fire, and its wick Central Fire. 

The fire from candles has provided fight for centuries. Capillary action carries melted wax along the wick from the candle to the flame. As the wax bums, it produces a characteristic teardrop-shaped flame as air is heated and expands, moving upward. In the microgravity of space, candle flames slightly influenced by gravity are round or dome-shaped. 

Chain of Fire,—Take a piece of candle wick 8 or 10 inches long, saturated with kerosene oil, squeeze out surplus oil. Take bold of one end with your fire tongs, light by furnace, throw back your head, and lower it into your mouth while exhaling the breath freely When all in, close your lips and remove in handkerchief. 

The first grade of the fire lasts until the white appears, and takes place with one lamp in three months. The next takes place until the white breaks up, with two wicks in the space of three months. The third until the white is fixed the fourth until the end of three months. 

The Bible mentions brimstone in a number of places. For example, Sodom and Gomorrah were two towns destroyed by God for the wicked ways of their citizens The Lord rained upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire. ... 

SKeUa are all fired from mortmra the amallrr onea made of paper, up to about 3 diameter end the largo onea of wood copper and iron. The amalleA ahdU wicK which wa have to daal aro the... 

---