Fir honey

Fig. 8-82. Analysis of carbohydrates in a forest fir honey. - Separator column CarboPac PA1 eluent (A) 0.1 mol/L NaOH, (B) 0.1 mol/L NaOH + 0.5 mol/L NaOAc gradient 100% A iso-cratically for 2 min, then linearly to 25% B in 30 min flow rate 1 mL/min detection see Fig. 8-81 injection 50 pL of a 0.3% solution (taken from [57]).

Comparison of the levels of radioactive contamination found in the honeys produced from the different species of trees also provides interesting information. Thus fir honey seems to highly concentrate radionuclides. The Cs and Cs concentrations in chestnut honeys are also generally high. Conversely, acacia honey appears as a weak indicator of radioactive pollution. Our results confirm those found by Tonelli and co-workers [8], who report that the mean concentrations of Cs found in Italian chestnut honey and acacia honey in May-June 1986 were 70.2 58.7Bq/kg (22.2 to 180) and 27.3 19.6Bq/kg (5.1 to 65.5), respectively. 

Eor practical purposes, the sapwood of all species may be considered to be susceptible to biodeterioration. The heartwood of some species, however, contains toxic extractives that protect it against biological attack. Among the native species that have decay-resistant or highly decay-resistant heartwood are bald cypress, redwood, cedars, white oak, black locust, and black walnut (60). Douglas-fir, several of the pines, the larches, and honey locust... 

A distinct feature of honeydew honey is the trisaccharide melezi-tose, which has been identified in the exudate manna of the Douglas fir the European larch, and the North American Jack or scrub pine. According to the late Professor C. S. Hudson, Turkestan manna contains 20-38% of melezitose, and Douglas-fir manna, 50% of melezitose. At one time, melezitose formed 20-30% of the total... 

From the obtained data result that the most frequently detected OCPs were in linden and locust honey and in sunflower, mountain flower, fir and conifer honey was detected only one or two pesticides. Organochlorines were not detected in honey obtained from various flowers in two regions of Romania. 

Canada Balsam. This balsam is the product 4>f the Canadian balsam fir, a tree of very common 0)wth in Canada and the State of Maine. When fresh, it has the consistence of thin honey, an agreeable odor, an acid taste, and a pale yellow color, nearly white. It should be perfectly transparent, and. soluble in rectified oil of turpentine, with which it fonns a beautiful glassy and colorless varnish, which is much used for preparing a semi-transparent copying-paper. A factitious kind is sold, but Is wholly deficient of some of the properties of the genuine balsam. 

SAMPLES OF SOIL, FIR, SPRUCE AND HONEY O SAMPLES OF SOIL AND HONEY SAMPLES OF HONEY... 

Figure 10.2 Sketch map of the Gorski Kotar area, Croatia, indicating soil, honey, fir, and spruce sampling locations.

Samples of soil, fir, and spruce material pressed into pellets or samples of honey in native form were placed in counting vessels. Specimens were excited by a Cd annular source IPR, 25mCi. Emitted characteristic X-rays were detected by the system s Si-detector (resolution 165 eV at... 

Transfer of radionuclides and selected elements from the youngest fir and spruce branch parts in honeydew honey... 

C.jHjoO, Mr 192.30, oil, bp. 57-59°C (26.6 Pa). A megastigmane sesquiterpene. Natural V. is a mixture of the (fiR)- and (6S)-epimers. It occurs in grape juice, vanilla flavor, honey, quinces, grapes, grapefhiit juice, and geranium oil. It is presumably form biosynthetically from "abscisic acid. 

At the Textile Engineering Department of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy in Belgrade, an intensive research on biomedical textile materials with antimicrobial and combined effects is recently conducted. Besides antibiotics, honey and essential oils of different plants - fir, rosemary and StJohn s worth- were used to attain biological activity of medical textile materials [21-24]. 

Swallow and Low [274] were the first to report on the analysis and quantification of carbohydrates in honey by HPAEC-PAD. At that time, it was already known that oligosaccharide profiles can be correlated to a certain extent to the origin of the honey. A special feature of forest honey and fir tree honey is the presence of melizitose, a trisaccharide that is contained in honey dew. These excretes found on conifers are picked up by the bees and, consequently, are only detectable in such types of honey. Thus, the detection of melizitose in fir tree... 

Occurrence. The sugar, discovered by Berthelot in 1859, is a constituent of the sweet exudations of many plants such as the honeydew of limes and poplars, and the manna exuded from insect-produced wounds of the Douglas fir, Virginia pine, larch, etc. In dry seasons when the supply of flower nectar is insufficient, bees may collect these mannas or honeydews, and the honeys may contain considerable quantities of melezitose (151). When the quantity of the trisaccharide is great, crystallization of the honey may take place in the comb. Probably because of the resistance of the melezitose to hydrolysis by invertase, honeys which contain this sugar will not serve as food for bees. 

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