Fine structure hypothesis

Although the fine structure hypothesis of the promoter action of alumina on iron appears well founded, it is conceivable that, in addition to the conservation of the iron surface, the beneficial effect of alumina involves also a modification of the valence forces at the borderlines between alumina (or the iron-alumina spinel A1203 FeO), and the crystallites of metallic iron (49). 

This Coriolis hypothesis is borne out by the V2 dependence of all of the other vibrational fine structure constants (42. 22 7n) [5]. All of these constants are nearly independent of V2 up to V2 = 36, where they suddenly begin to change rapidly. The 92 constant, which controls the Al = 2 interaction between l = 0 and l = 2 components of the same (V, V2,v3) vibrational state, is affected by the same Al == 1 Coriolis interaction that caused the rapid variation of Bo,U2,o. Figures 10 and 11 show the nearly identical V2 dependence of q2 and Bo. o- Figure 12, which is a plot of 2(1 2) versus Bo,U2,o, shows that despite the erratic i>2 dependences of both 2 and B, the 2 versus B plot is linear. This indicates that the changes in both constants originate in the same Coriolis interaction ... 

For POD, the peak frequency is close to the 18,800 cm" peak observed for the HT TCDU spectrum. The frequency shift within the phenylurethane series is, therefore, nearly equivalent to that observed when PDAs such as ETCD or TCDU undergo thermochromic or pressure induced changes. A major difference here, however, is the retention of the fairly well defined vibronic structure characteristic of the LT bandshape. Application of the strain hypothesis of the thermochromic shift in PDA spectra would imply that the strain on the polymer spines would increase in the order DDMU DDU < ETCD < HDU < POD < TCDU. This extreme shift of the LT electronic spectra of the phenylurethane substituted PDAs presents a problem, since, if it is strain induced, it has not caused the disappearance of the "fine structure" in the vibronic envelope which occurs when the HT phase is induced by temperature or pressure. However, it has caused essentially the same shift of energy of the pi transition of the spine as observed in the thermochromics. 

One possible explanation for these different modes of cellulose depolymerization in the same species of wood is that the cellulolytic enzyme molecules of Poria monticola are smaller than those of Polyporus versicolor and for that reason would be able to penetrate and act in regions of the fine structure of the fibers that are not accessible to those of the latter fungus. This hypothesis has led to efforts (as yet incomplete) to determine the molecular size of the cellulolytic enzyme proteins of these two organisms. Another possible explanation is that the initial dissolution of cellulose and other cell-wall polysaccharides is accomplished by catalysts that are not enzyme proteins and therefore could be substantially smaller in molecular size. Halliwell (21) has described experiments on the... 

At the heart of the interpretation of the spectra is the postulate that sharper multiplet features associated with chemically equilvalent carbon atoms in the cellulose spectra are expressions of magnetically inequivalent sites within the unit cells. If this "fine structure" were due to some other cause, then the conclusion of multiple crystalline forms would be called into serious question. The fact that the ratios of multiplet intensities for given resonances, such as that of C4 or Cl, vary from sample to sample and rarely have ratios of small whole numbers, reinforces the crystalline composite hypothesis. 

The Hypothesis of Electron Spin, 124. Electronic States of Complex Atoms, 128. The Pauli Exclusion Principle, 129. The Calculation of Energy Levels, 132. Angular Momenta, 133. Multiplet Structure, 135. Calculation of the Energy Matrix, 143. Fine Structure, 151. The Vector Model of the Atom, 155. Selection Rules for Complex Atoms, 159. The Radial Portion of the Atomic Orbitals, 162. The Hartree Method, 163. The Periodic System of the Elements, 167. 

Many-universe postulate The first of these (the scientific one) in its strongest form postulates a vast ensemble of existent universes featuring a wide distribution of values of the relevant parameter. This response has a quite complex structure, a point that can easily be missed. Some philosopher-critics have charged that although the many-universe hypothesis would give reason to believe that some universe would be life hospitable, it would of itself give no reason to suppose that that universe would be ours, in all its particularity. Hence, the hypothesis does not explain why this universe turns out to be fine-tuned, and the fact that our universe is fine-tuned thus fails to support the hypothesis (see, for example. White, 2000). 

On the basis of the IR data, the general consensus is that when minerals exhibit 100% flotability, several types of chemisorbed oleate as well as precipitated calcium oleate are present at the surface, in agreement with the initial hypothesis of Peck [425]. However, there is controversy concerning the assignment of the adsorption bands of adsorbed oleate and, hence, the structure of surface species. It stems from the strong dependence of the oleate-calcium coordination on the deposition and precipitation conditions-an effect well known for L monolayers and LB films of alkanoates [426]. The amount of oleate adsorbed on a fluorite slab, as measured by IR spectroscopy, is quite different than that for fine fluorite particles [412]. For the slab, there exists an adsorption saturation point, but for fine particles, the amount of adsorbed oleate increases with concentration, although the concentration dependence of the amount of oleate in the... 

The genetic control of such subdivisions can be explained by two different models. The first model is based on Serebrovsky s hypothesis (Fig. 99) and was developed long before the modern conception of fine gene structure. This model states that the scute locus is an operon composed of an operator and a group of structural cistrons. Each of these cistrons is responsible for a specific chaete. 

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