Fine refining

Frisch-blei, n. refined lead, -dampf, m. live steam, -eisen, n. refined iron, frischen, v.t. fine, refine revive (litharge) ... 

Frischerei, /. finery, refinery fining, refining, -roheisen, n. forge pig. 

All the ores are concentrated in complex mills by selective froth flotation lu produce individual copper, zinc, lead, and, infrequently, silver concentrates. The copper and lead concentrates are smelted to produce lead and copper bullions from which silver is recovered by electrolytic or fine refining. The silver bearing zinc concentrates are commonly processed by leaching and electrolytic methods. Silver is ultimately recovered as a byproduct from zinc plant residues. Canada is a leading silver mining country. Other important sources of silver are Mexico, die United States, Peru, the former U.S.S.R., and Australia. See also Mineralogy. 

An interesting aspect of Pettus translation of Ercker s book (Fleta Minor, or, the Laws of Art and Nature, In Knowing, Judging, Assaying, Fining, Refining and In-... 

Fine Refinement of Peptide Crystals with Molecular Disorder... 

Very recendy, Pawlak and Potrzebowski [96] employing advanced NMR techniques have revealed that it is possible to unambiguously assign and finely refine the sohd-state molecular structures of enkephahns (Fig. 2.29). The assignment of structure was supported by theoretical calculations which will be discussed in the next section. 

On the other hand, very recently Asakura et al. reported application of high-resolution H SS NMR performed under F-MAS and GIPAW chemical shift calculations for assignment of resonances and structure of alanine tripeptides [168]. The information on the exact H positions is important for fine refinement of peptides because their higher order structure is determined mainly by the intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The homonuclear DQMAS experiment allowed to precisely assign proton signals in the H spectra of (Ala)3 (Fig. 2.34). 

T. Pawlak, M.J. Potrzebowski, Fine refinement of solid-state moleciflar stmcmres of Leu- and Met-enkephalins by NMR crystallography, J. Phys. Chem. B 118 (2014) 3298-3309. 

Polenta is the most commonly prepared maize-based food in Argentina. The original polenta was developed in Italy from durum wheat. The fine refined maize grits are cooked in water to form a paste that is flavored with tomato paste and different kinds of cheeses. Polenta is generally served as a side dish, and usually accompanies ground and spicy meats, stews, and prepared fish. 

Silver is also recovered during electrolytic refining of copper. Commercial fine silver contains at least 99.9% silver. Purities of 99.999+% are available commercially. 

The copolymer latex can be used "as is" for blending with other latexes, such as in the preparation of ABS, or the copolymer can be recovered by coagulation. The addition of electrolyte or free2ing will break the latex and allow the polymer to be recovered, washed, and dried. Process refinements have been made to avoid the difficulties of fine particles during recovery (65—67). 

In the eadiest known paintings, the primitive cave paintings, paint was appHed directly onto the cave wall, with tittle or no preparation. As early as the Old Kingdom in ancient Egypt, however, wall surfaces were specially prepared using a coating of plaster. In time, the refinement and complexity of the preparation layers increased until in the Renaissance several layers of different composition and fineness were superimposed. Other preparations used, especially in the Far East, consisted of a clay layer. 

Dead-burned magnesia, characterized by large crystaUite size and very low chemical reactivity, is resistant to the basic slags employed in the metals refining industry. It reacts very slowly with strong acids, and does not readily hydrate or react with carbon dioxide unless finely pulverized. 

The disk refiner, a newer development used for fine paper grades, includes one or two rotary disks and two or four working surfaces. The surfaces are pressed together uniformly by hydraulic pressure and guided by high precision, heavy-duty bearing systems. Stock usuaUy is fed through the center of one plate and leaves between the plates at their circumferences. 

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