Filtration equipment cartridge

Filtration. Filtration can include filter presses, rotary drum vacuum filters (RDVF), belt filters, and variations on synthetic membrane filtration equipment, such as filter cartridges, pancake filters, or plate and frame filter presses. These processes typically operate in a batch mode when the filter chamber is filled up or the vacuum drum cake is exhausted, a new batch must be started. This type of filtration is also called dead-end filtration because the only fluid flow is through the membrane itself. Due to the small size of cells and their compressible nature, typical cell cakes have low permeability and filter aids, such as diatomaceous earths, perlite, or other mined materials are added to overcome this limitation. Moreover, the presence of high solids and viscous polymeric fermentation byproducts can limit filtration fluxes without the use of filter aids. 

There is also a growing trend towards the use of cartridge filter elements (see BHA), and it is expected that this will continue, these being installed either in new filtration equipment or as retrofit units in existing filters. As mentioned above, it is also anticipated that demands on the industry will see the wider use of PTFE membranes (together with meltblown and nanofibre webs) in these units. 

Other, more recently developed, uses include microwave oven parts, transparent pipelines, chemical plant pumps and coffee machine hot water dispensers. One exceptional use has been to produce, by an extrusion moulding process, very large rollers for textile finishing for use where cast nylons cannot meet the specification. Also of growing interest are medical equipment applications that may be repeatedly steam-sterilised at 134°C, filtration membranes and cartridges for ink-jet printers. 

In a study of the bioaccumulation of metals as colloid complexes and free ions by the marine brown shrimp, Penaeus aztecus [29] the colloids were isolated and concentrated from water obtained from Dickinson Bayou, an inlet of Galveston Bay, Texas, using various filtration and ultrafiltration systems equipped with a spiral-wound 1 kDa cutoff cartridge. The total colloidal organic carbon in the concentrate was found to be 78 lmgdm 3. The shrimps were exposed to metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Cd, Ag, Sn, Ba and Hg) as radiolabelled colloid complexes, and free-ionic radiotracers using ultrafiltered seawater without radiotracers as controls. The experiments were designed so that the animals were exposed to environmentally realistic metal and colloid concentrations. 

Cross-flow filtration as a processing alternative for separation and concentration of soluble or dissolved components competes with traditional equipment such as dead end cartridge filtration, pre-coat filtration and centrifugation. The specific merits and weaknesses of each of these filtration alternatives are summarized in Table 3. In addition to the ability to handle wide variations in processing conditions, other considerations may need to be addressed for economical viability of cross-flow filtration. These are briefly discussed below. A more detailed discussion on process design aspects, capital and operating cost considerations is presented in Sec. 6.7. 

If impurities cannot be removed with bag filters, filter cartridges or candles are used (Fig. 7.14). The filter cartridges are inserted in individual housings or, in large-scale equipment, up to 24 cartridges are inserted side by side or one above the other and held in place with quick-release mechanisms. Resin-bonded, sintered synthetic micro fibres and metals are used as filter material. The fineness of the filter fabric (5-100 pm) determines the filtration effect. 

QuixStand benchtop system for protein filtration and concentration (GE Healthcare) equipped with Hollow fiber cartridge (GE Healthcare). 

To 1-2 g samples of seaweeds an equal volume of 0.1 N HCl was added, and the mixture heated in a water bath for 5 min, then filtered through filter paper. The filtrate was applied to a Sep-pak Cl 8-cartridge (Waters, Milford, MA, USA). Ten pi of eluate was submitted to HPLC analysis for domoic acid on a Tosoh HPLC equipped with a Finepack SIL 18-T-5 column (4.6 x 250 mm), using a mixture of acetonitrile, heptafluorobutyric acid, water (12 0.43 87.57) as the eluant at a rate of 1.0 ml per min. The domoic acid in the eluate was monitored at 242 nm with a Tosoh UV 8011 monitor. The quantity of domoic acid was calculated using a calibration curve of amount of authentic domoic acid (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) vs absorbance at 242 nm, as follows ... 

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