Filter, interchangeable

Flexibility. Cartridge filters are flexible cartridges of different ratings and materials of construc tion can be interchanged, permitting... 

The filtering devices used in hydraulic systems are commonly referred to as strainers and filters. Since they share a common function, the terms are often used interchangeably. Generally, devices used to remove large particles of foreign matter from hydraulic systems are referred to as strainers, while those used to remove the smallest particles are called filters. 

The use of a laser beam expander as a spatial filter has also been found to be satisfactory 42). The beam expander consists of an interchangeable negative input lens and a positive output lens. Both the input and output lenses are designed for minimum spherical aberration. The expansion power may be varied by using a different input lens (Fig. 23.) The laser beam... 

Radiation from a xenon or deuterium source is focussed on the flow cell. An interchangeable filter allows different excitation wavelengths to be used. The fluorescent radiation is emitted by the sample in all directions, but is usually measured at 90° to the incident beam. In some types, to increase sensitivity, the fluorescent radiation is reflected and focussed by a parabolic mirror. The second filter isolates a suitable wavelength from the fluorescence spectrum and prevents any scattered light from the source from reaching the photomultiplier detector. The 90° optics allow monitoring of the incident beam as well, so that dual uv absorption and fluorescence... 

Left, interchangeable colored glass filters used in a flow injection analyzer for different analytes. Notice the value of the wavelength inscribed on the edge of each filter. Right, Steve Kruse of the City of Lincoln, Nebraska, Wastewater Treatment Plant Laboratory prepares to change the filter in the instrument as he prepares to test for a different analyte in wastewater samples. 

Ch - chopper disc, Fhl - filter holder, D - iris diaphragm and interchangeable pinholes of various sizes, Sch - sample chamber, S - sample holder, ID - iris diaphragm, L2 - receiver lens, Ph2 - detector photomultiplier, A - measuring arm, Fh 2 - filter holder, Phi - detector photomultiplier... 

Making the method more automation-friendly requires verifying the suitability of certain steps. As an example, the filtering step is different in that the sample pulled though with a peristaltic pump vs. pushing with a syringe. Equivalence of the two approaches needs to be demonstrated if results of both are to be used interchangeably (Fig. 2). 

Schwinger filter, 1107 still head, 1103, 1105 with interchangeable ground glass joints, 1109, 1110 Semimicro operations ... 

Sometimes, when tho process is conducted in tho manner just described, cyanide of iodine is produced, and is found in the third receiver in white needle-shaped crystals. The residue In the retort still retains some iodine In the form of iodide of lead and sodium. This can bo recovered by tho method proposed by Soubetean—namely, the addition of sulphate of copper, by which a subiodido of copper is formed. The precipitate is filtered, and the filtrate, which still retains some iodine, treated with a further quantity of tbo cupreous salt and iron filings, when another interchange takes place, and a further precipitation of iodide of copper occurs. Tho first of these changes may be expressed thus... 

Filter Particulate Analysis. In the laboratory, the filters were immediately placed in a desiccator for 24 hrs and then weighed. The particulate concentration was calculated from this weight and the previously determined tare weight of the filter. The filters were analyzed for mercury by a procedure previously reported by the author (11) consisting of boiling the filters in concentrated nitric acid. After being cooled, aliquots of these solutions were pipetted into the interchangeable sample tubes and analyzed by the direct aeration technique. 

The Buchner and Hirsch funnels, and the filter flasks and tubes, are available with interchangeable ground glass joints (for example, Fig. 2.43(/)). The Buchner funnel is also available with a screw-thread side-arm for easy attachment via a plastic hose connector to the vacuum line (Bibby Science Products). 

There is at least one report where the presence of scytonemin does not provide enhanced protection for UVB exposure. In Nostoc commune, the presence of extracellular MAAs provides substantial protection against the photobleaching of chlorophyll by UVB, but in strains that contain scytonemin and no MAAs, UVB exposure causes complete destruction of cellular chlorophyll.168 It is most probable that MAAs and scytonemin serve as complementary UV protectants and do not have sufficient overlap in their UV screening ranges to act as interchangeable filters. 

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