Film peeling

The effect of the time at the interface and the time in water on the detached amount was examined separately to clarify whether LB films peeled off mainly at the air-water interface or in the water phase, and the results are summarized in Table 5. Runs 1-8 show the flaking amount of cadmium octadecanoate LB films with the constant dipping speed the constant time at the interface) and the different time in water. The results indicate the detached amount was independent of the time in water. On the contrary, when the time at the interface was increased and the time in water was kept constant, the detached amount of the LB films increased about two times larger (Runs 9 - 15). From these findings, It can be concluded that the LB films peeled off at the air-water interface but not in the water phase when the substrate is lowered slowly with the long contact time at the interface. 

To conclude with the primary electrode characteristics, we describe briefly the DLC electrodes. The data are scarce and partly contradictory, probably due to the differences in film preparation methods. According to Howe [60], even films as thin as 50 nm are quite stable against corrosion. However, in later works [61, 62] such thin films turned permeable for electrolytes. The penetration of the electrolyte to a substrate metal resulted in its corrosion and, ultimately, in film peeling. Thicker films (0.1 to 1 pm) were less subjected to damage. The current-potential curves in supporting electrolytes resemble those for crystalline diamond electrodes (see Figs. 7, 8) the potential window is narrower, however [63], Fluorination of a-C H enhances corrosion resistance of the films significantly [64],... 

Figure 10.5 XPS cross-sectional profiles of plasma polymers deposited on an aluminum surface, and that adhering to primer film peeled off from the aluminum substrate.

Peeling (flaking). Loss of adhesion resulting in detachment and curling out of the paint film. Peeling is essentially a manifestation of poor adhesion, either between the paint and the substrate or between successive coats of paint. 

Peeling Film peels back from edge exposing tablet surface... 

Film Applications Polybutene-1 is used in compression packaging films, peel seal, and film modification, and to enhance the properties of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) to make them process better, seal faster, peel with controlled force, be softer and more flexible, have better high temperature strength, or be more elastic. 

Figure 7.4, (a) water rolling off a plastic film peeled from a droplet (b) crack prop ating between ice and a plastic film pulled from It. 

A model for this chewing gum effect can be built by taking an elastic rubber film peeling from a surface, measuring the crack speed as the crack travels along the interface. Then compare this with the same elastic film which has been cut in the middle, then the ends joined together with chewing gum, as shown in Fig. 8.15. 

Figure 14.22. (a) Elastic film peeling from a smooth to a rough surface, (b) Problem of healing... 

K. Kendall, "Thin Film Peeling—The Elastic Term," J. Phys. D Appl. Phys., , 1449 (1975). 

Fig. 2. Typical peel adhesion master curve for polybutyl acrylate supported on polyester film peeled at 90° from glass. Insets show tape behaviour or force-time trace ( stick-slip )...

Noufi, Frank and co-workers have reported that the photocorrosion of single crystal n-gallium arsenide and polycrystalline n-silicon electrodes can be suppressed when used in aqueous solutions containing ferrous/ferric ions. The coated n-silicon electrode had a short circuit current of 2.9 mA/cm, a power efficiency of 3 %, and functioned for 122 hours of continuous irradiation (143 mW/cm ) with only a 30 % reduction in the photocurrent. For comparison, the current decays to zero within a minute with a uncoated electrode . These results are shown in Fig. 10. The n-gallium arsenide electrode showed a similar photocurrent response. Adhesion of the film to the semiconductor surface is a problem with these electrodes and is much more prevalent with the gallium arsenide, where the film peels off the electrode in aqueous solutions. 

Films can be cast from a dilute solution of the sample in some solvent onto a substrate such as plate glass. The solvent is completely evaporated, the film peeled off and run as a free film. The films must have sufficient strength for the operator to peel them from the substrate in pieces large enough to cover the illuminated area of the... 

Figure 1 Cast films of azobenzene bilayer membranes from water solutions (a) a selfstanding film peeled off a casting substrate (b) an optical transparent film prepared on a quartz plate (c) SEM image of film cross-section.

Kendall K (1975) Thin-film peeling-the elastic term. 

Results of scratch tests to investigate the adhesion of TiN films deposited by HCD ion plating are shown in Fig. 10 (6). The critical load at which the film peels off increases with... 

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