Filler aramid fiber

Additives used in final products Fillers aramid fiber, calcium carbonate, carbon fiber, fer-rosoferric oxide, glass fiber, glass flake, mica, talc, PTFE, zinc oxide Plasticizers diphenyl phthalate, hydrogenated terphenyl Antistatics carbon nanofiber, expandable graphite, octadecyltriethoxysilane Other decolorants Release, high density polyethylene, silicone ... 

Asbestos-reinforced organic binders (thermoplastics, duroplasts and elastomers) are widely utilized e.g. hardenable molding materials on the basis of asbestos-reinforced phenol or melamine resins for the manufacture of insulating components for combustion engines, components for electrical installations, cogwheels etc. Possible fiber substitutes are glass fibers, carbon fibers and other synthetic fibers (e.g. aramide fibers) and non-fiber fillers such as calcium carbonate, clay or talcum. 

In most other processes, the presence of moisture in filler either requires a process correction in the amount of the active ingredient or the moisture must be removed. In the case of hygroscopic fillers (which are very important to industry), the surface of the filler must be treated to lower moisture uptake. Montmorillonite, glass beads and fibers, silica, titanium dioxide, aramid fiber, mbber particles, and carbon fiber were studied to improve their moisture absorption and impart the hydrophobic properties. "... 

Polytetrafluoroethylene, molybdenum disulfide, graphite, and aramid fibers reduce the frictional coefficient. These may be used as single friction additive, in combination with other fillers, and in combination with silicone oil. Table 5.17 illustrates effect of PTFE on the frictional properties of different polymers. 

Typical fillers used for reduction of wear include PTFE, silicone, graphite powder, molybdenum disulfide, and aramid fibers. Good results were also reported with mica and zirconia combination. Figure 8.36 shows the effect of mica and mica in combination with zirconia on the wear resistance of an epoxy resin. ... 

Typical fillers calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, talc, kaohn, mica, quartz, sand, glass spheres, silica, titanium dioxide, aluminum hydroxide, carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, aluminum, copper, silver, iron, graphite, molybdenum disulfide, zirconium silicate, hthium aluminum silicate, vermiculite, slate powder, titanium boride, ground rubber, iron oxide, microvoids... 

Typical fillers glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid, antimony trioxide, zinc borate, stainless steel fiber, graphite, nickel coated graphite, aluminum flakes, metallized glass... 

Typical fillers carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid, mica, talc, calcinated kaolin, antimony trioxide, carbon black, zinc borate, glass spheres... 

Typical fillers glass fiber, glass beads, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, carbon black, metal flakes, zinc whisker, talc, calcium carbonate, PTFE fiber... 

Typical fillers calcium carbonate, talc, glass fiber, carbon fiber, PTFE, aramid fiber... 

Typical concentration range glass fiber - 20-60 wt%, carbon fiber - 20-30 wt%, PTFE - 10-20 wt%, aramid fiber - 10-15 wt%, general fillers (talc, calcium carbonate) up to 65 wt%... 

The content of the fiber component is typically 3-15%. The elastomeric binder comprises about 3-15%. The rest are fillers. Aramids are used in fiber reinforced gaskets instead of asbestos fibers. Binders typically are synthetic rubbers. Typical components of a gasket formulation are shown in Table 13.5. 

With advances in technology, there is cooperation between some manufacturers on product and process development of higher-performance aramid fibers. Different production processes use different solvent systems, making it possible to modify product properties by changing the basic polymer composition with additives and/or fillers. 

Quantitative predictions of the effects of fillers on the properties of the final product are difficult to make, considering that they also depend on the method of manufacture, which controls the dispersion and orientation of the filler and its distribution in the final part. Short-fiber- and flake-filled thermoplastics are usually anisotropic products with variable aspect ratio distribution and orientation varying across the thickness of a molded part. The situation becomes more complex if one considers anisotropy, not only in the macroscopic composite but also in the matrix (as a result of molecular orientation) and in the filler itself (e.g., graphite and aramid fibers and mica fiakes have directional properties). Thus, thermoplastic composites are not always amenable to rigorous analytical treatments, in contrast to continuous thermoset composites, which usually have controlled macrostructures and reinforcement orientation [8, 17]. 

Typical fillers glass fiber, carbrm fiber, aramid fiber, PTFE... 

Additives used in finai products Fillers aluminum nitride, barium titanate, aluminum nitride, antimony trioxide, aramide fiber, attapulgite, carbon fiber, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanotubes, clay, glass fiber, graphite, molybdenum sulfide, montmorillonite, PTFE, silica, smectite, titanium oxide whisker Plasticizers diethylene glycol dibenzoate, dimethyl phthalate, triallyl phthalate, diethynyldi-phenyl methane, phenylethynyidiphenyl methane, 4-hydroxy-benzophenone Antistatics antimony-containing tin oxide, carbon black, carbon, nanotubes, indium oxide microspheres, polythiophene Release polyethylen wax, PTFE, silicone oil, zirconium chelate ... 

Additives used in finai products Fillers activated carbon, glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, montmorlllonite, PTFE, silica, titanium dioxide Plasticizers benzyl butyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, methyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, tricresyl phosphate Release silicone oil, zinc stearate ... 

The use of reinforcing fillers and fibers in polymers to improve their mechanical properties is commonly encountered in polymer technology. Conventional fibers such as carbon fibers, glass fibers, gel-spun polyethylene fibers, and aramids are routinely used in composites of a range of different polymers (Chronakis 2005). The improvement in modulus and strength achieved by using even low levels of a reinforcing fiber in a composite is impressive. Some of this improvement is due to the properties at the fiber/matrix interface and therefore dependent on the surface area of the... 

---