Filled polymer composite materials

Physical and mechanical properties of the filled polymer composite materials (PCM) in dependence on the extent of filling, the rate of deformation were investigated. It was found out that structural properties of the filled composite materials are determined with the nature of polymer matrix, filling degree, nature of the fillers, structural organization of FCM, that is being formed in the process of receiving of the composite materials, and conditions of tests. 

Natural graphite and synthetic graphite were used as fillers for the manufacture of conducting composite materials by the polymerization filling technique [24, 53-56], The manufacture of conducting polymer composite materials by this technique on the basis of some kinds of carbon black is also known [51, 52],... 

X-ray scattering methods provide a route to unambiguously determining the basic structural characteristics of polymeric materials. The penetration of X-rays means that these techniques are not restricted to thin films, as in the case of IR spectroscopy, or optically transparent materials, as in the case of optical microscopy. Complex materials including filled polymers, composites, and other optically opaque samples, such as semi-crystalline polymers, can be studied with ease. Moreover, the sample preparation required for X-ray scattering techniques is often minimal. 

A more common and widely used process involves the preparation of short-fiber polymer composite materials and particulate composite polymeric materials, where the fibers or particles act as reinforcement of the polymer. In this particular case, when a polymer matrix is filled with fibers or particles, which in general possess higher mechanical properties than the polymer matrix, the resultant composite material presents properties that are between those of the soft polymer matrix and the rigid filler. 

Elastic moduli of polymer composite materials filled with nanotubes and nanofibers can be estimated from Cox s equation [32] ... 

I was delighted to accept the chance offered by Rapra Technology to produce this updated second edition of Particulate Filled Polymer Composites, a book first published in 1995. The first edition had been very well received but has been out of print for some time. Despite the relatively short time since the publication of the first edition, much has changed and hence considerable new material has been introduced, including a completely new chapter covering the latest developments in nano-filler technology. 

One of the fascinations of working in the field of particulate-filled polymer composites is the wide variety of materials used as fillers, from relatively simple chalks and limestones to complex rare-earth magnetic powders. Even apparently, mundane, relatively inexpensive, fillers can vary in subtle, but important, ways according to their precise origin and method of manufacture, thus adding their interest to the scientific and technological mind. 

Rothon RN, Hancock M (2003) General principles guiding selection and use of particulate materials. In Rothon RN (ed) Particulate-filled polymer composites. Rapra Technology Limited, Shawbury... 

Material Property Tests One way to confirm a polymer nanocompos-ite morphology is to collect the various properties of interest in the final material (mechanical, thermal, conductivity, gas barrier, etc.) in relation to a traditional filled or composite material, or the base polymer, and see how much these properties have been improved. It can be a successful argument that when normally X% of an additive is added to a polymer, it yields property improvement Y,... 

Grunlan, J.C., Mehrabi, A.R., Bannon, M.V., Bahr, J.L., 2004. Water-based single-waUed-nanotube-filled polymer composite with an exceptionally low percolation threshold. Advanced Materials 16, 150—153. 

IPNs can be considered as a new class of polymer composite materials made of two different components. IPNs may also serve as hybrid binders for traditional composite materials. As distinct from traditional binders, hybrid binders [49] are the systems where segregation of microvolumes of constituent components has occurred due to incomplete microphase separation. The hybrid binders can be considered as self-reinforced (filled) or disperse-... 

Shang, W., Williams, J., Soderiiolm, K. How the work of adhesion affects the mechanical properties of silica-filled polymer composites s. Journal of Materials Science 29 2406-2416(1994)... 

Particulate Composites. These composites encompass a wide range of materials. As the word particulate suggests, the reinforcing phase is often spherical or at least has dimensions of similar order ia all directions. Examples are concrete, filled polymers (18), soHd rocket propellants, and metal and ceramic particles ia metal matrices (1). 

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