Filled paper

L. G. Britton and J. A. Smith, Electrostatic Hazards of Drum Filling, Paper presented at AIChE Loss Prevention Symposium, Minneapolis, Aug. 1987. 

Fillers. The buffering action of an alkaline filler is necessary to ensure permanence in filled paper. Retained alkalinity in the paper as it ages would resist any drop in pH that might result from absorption of either carbon dioxide or sulfur dioxide from the air. Acidic fillers, such as certain types of clay, accelerate the aging process. Calcium carbonate is an ideal filling material for permanent paper as well as for some grades not requiring permanency. In fact, the work of Barrow made the use of calcium carbonate a requirement in the manufacture of permanent book papers (1). 

Figure 13. Felt side of carbonate filled paper (C in Table IV). Scanning electron...

For example, it is no use using large amounts of expensive sizing agent for a low-cost product, such as newsprint, unless it is possible to obtain a premium price for the product. Other examples are using rosin size in highly filled paper with calcium carbonate, when the use of AKD/ASA is far more efficient due to the system pH. 

This effect has only been seen in PCC produced in the slurry form. Solid PCC which has been obtained by drying the slurry does not show this fugitive effect, to the authors knowledge. Until now, the producers of PCC have optimised their processes to minimise the entrapment of Ca(OH)2, and AKD suppliers have modified their formulations, such that it is possible to use AKD in PCC-filled paper. However, the improvements in ASA application mean that ASA can be a more economic solution. The solutions for fugitive sizing with PCC slurry appear to be ... 

T. Lindstrom, P. Kolseth and P. Naslund, The dry strengthening effect of cationic starch wet-end addition on filled papers, P589, FR3285 Papermaking Raw Materials... 

Uses Defoamer for paper and paperboard, min. or pigment-filled paper coatings, food pkg. adhesives, coatings and liners for food containers Features Water-based Properties Liq. 

Chem. Descrip. Water-ba nonsilicone Uses Defoamer for day or pigment-filled paper coatings with protein or latex binders, print pastes for wallpaper Features Rec. for systems which cannot tolerate silicone or oils... 

Uses Optical brightener for stock applic. in sized and unsized papers, esp. neutrally sized and calcium carbonate-filled papers and for use in coatings which contain casein as a sec. binder Features H igh ly su bstantive exhibits very good buildup even at low cones. very good stability to hard and soft water and alkaline conditions for use continuously or batchwise compat. with most anionic and nonionic prods. Properties Yel.-brn. clear liq. readily dilutable with water dens. 1.211 kg/ I vise. < 150 mPa s (20 C), < 600 mPa s (0 C) solid, pt. -18 C pH 8.5 anionic... 

Xu Y, Pelton R (2005) A new look at how fines influence the strength of filled papers. J Pulp Pap... 

As calcium carbonate whiskers have special directivity, high whiteness, and high filling, they can be used to fill paper. Not only can this produce inexpensive high-quality paper, but it can also make paper with special performance requirements, such as flame-retardant paper used for interior decoration, and so forth. It shows excellent printabillty compared with granular calcium carbonate filled paper, and reveals great application prospects. 

The United States is the leading supplier of kaolin cl, with about 40% of world production. Second largest is the United Kingdom with about 12%. US annual production capacity of 10 million metric tons is comprised of 40% water-washed, 15% airfloated, 13% calcined, and 10% delaminated clay. The major worldwide use for kaolin is in paper. In the US 40% of kaolin consumption is for coating and filling paper. Much lower but still substantial... 

Hercules 388 Defoamer defoamer, mineral processing Nonoxynol-T Octeth-3 carboxylic acid defoamer, mineral slurries Antibubble DF-360 defoamer, mineral/pigment-filled paper coatings CNC Defoamer 69 defoamer, mining Foam Blast 240 Foam Blast 431 Foam Blast 432 Nofoam 1976 Silicone Sil-wet L-7002... 

CNC Defoamer 1191 defoamer, oil-based corrugated/ mineral-filled paper CNC Defoamer 1191 defoamer, oil-based glues... 

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