Pigments, paper filling

Paper filling pigments are added primarily to reduce the cost of the paper. Mineral fillers in general, except for titanium dioxide (Ti02) are less expensive than fiber and therefore reduce the cost of the paper. Of coimse, many other benefits are obtained from these minerals, including improvements in brightness, opacity, smoothness, print quality and economy. 

It is clearly evident that numerous mineralogies are utilised for paper filling applications however, these minerals are all classified in much the same way. Particle size and size distribution, pigment brightness, refractive index, particle shape, and specific surface area are quantifiable characteristics that can be used to predict how the pigment will perform in various paper applications. To a lesser degree, particle charge, or zeta potential, plays a role in how the filler interacts with various paper chemical additives and influences the manner in which the mineral is retained in the paper web. 

CAS 21645-51-2 EINECS/ELINCS 244-492-7 Uses Pigment for paper filling and coating applies. flame retardant for paper and composites... 

Uses Pigment for paper filling and coating applies. 

Mississippi 70% M60 Slurry is a versatile pigment for paper filling and coating applications. As a filler, it provides high brightness, good opacity, and excellent drainage properties. 

Though functionally and chemically similar, fillers and pigments ate distinguished from one another in that fillers are added at the wet end of the paper machine, and serve to fill the sheet pigments are added at the size press and serve to alter the surface of the sheet. The most common fillers are mineral pigments, eg, clay, titanium dioxide [13463-67-7] calcium carbonate, siUca [7631-86-9], hydrated alumina [21645-51 -2], and talc [14807-96-6]. 

Concentrated, aqueous solutions of ZnCla dissolve starch, cellulose (and therefore cannot be filtered through paper ), and silk. Commercially ZnCla is one of the important compounds of zinc. It has applications in textile processing and, because when fused it readily dissolves other oxides, it is used in a number of metallurgical fluxes as well as in the manufacture of magnesia cements in dental fillings. Cadmium halides are used in the preparation of electroplating baths and in the production of pigments. 

Difficulties were encountered in the in-painting process for the fills cast on the suction table. Since these fills were accomplished without adhesive, they were even more sensitive to dimensional change by application of moisture than flat paper or hand-cast mends. Some experimentation was done in pre-coloring the pulp with dry pigments. Although this coloring process was extremely effective, it produced a flat, even color which was not aesthetically pleasing. 

Immediately cork the tube filled with nitrogen and then add a drop or two of dichloromethane to dissolve the pigments for TLC analysis. Carry out the analysis without delay by spotting the mixture on a TLC plate about 1 cm from the bottom and 8 mm from the edge. Make one spot concentrated by repeatedly touching the plate, but ensure that the spot is as small as possible—less than 1.0 mm in diameter. The other spot can be of lower concentration. Develop the plate with 70 30 hexane acetone. With other plates try cyclohexane and toluene as eluents and also hexane/ethanol mixtures of various compositions. The container in which the chromatography is carried out should be lined with filter paper that is wet with the solvent so the atmosphere in the container will be saturated with solvent vapor. On completion of elution, mark the solvent front with a pencil and outline the colored spots. Examine the plate under the uv light. Are any new spots seen Report colors and i /values for all of your spots, and identify each as lycopene, carotene, chlorophyll, or xanthophyll. 

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