Filament winding materials used

ABL bottle The ABL (Allegeny Ballistic Laboratory) is an internal pressure vessel used to determine the quality and properties of the filament winding material in a vessel. 

Applications. Epoxy resias constitute over 90% of the matrix resia material used ia advanced composites. In addition, epoxy resias are used ia all the various fabrication processes that convert resias and reinforcements iato composite articles. Liquid resias ia combiaation, mainly, with amines and anhydride are used for filament winding, resia transfer mol ding, and pultmsion. Parts for aircraft, rocket cases, pipes, rods, tennis rackets, ski poles, golf club shafts, and fishing poles are made by one of these processes with an epoxy resia system. 

In this section a selection procedure will be developed for injection moulding, since this process is used for the widest range of materials. The choice available for other processes such as, for example, compression moulding, filament winding and vacuum forming, is much more restricted. The approach described will be less mechanistic than the systems described in the two previous sections, requiring the prospective user to be aware of the properties of the various materials available. Because the approach is somewhat different, it would be instructive to run it parallel to the above processes and compare the results. 

There are a number of material options available for filament winding. Typical fibers are fiberglass, carbon and aramid. Fiberglass is still the most commonly used... 

Shell Chemical has produced EPON HPT epoxy resins, which are used in large parts made of graphite-7 reinforced prepreg material for primary aircraft structures. EPON 9000 series of epoxy resins produced by the same company have been used for fabricating, by wet filament winding process, fuselages and other large components that have been used in the prototype of Beech Aircraft s experimental small business aircraft, the Starship 1. 

Most high performance applications in aircraft use epoxy-based resin systems. Silicones, phenolics and polyimides are limited to special high temperature or electrical applications. Although thermosetting resins such as epoxy are commonly used in filament winding, there has been recent research into using thermoplastic matrix materials [9]. 

Target has been to develop solvent-free resins and eliminate the use of acetone. EPA estimates nationwide annual compliance costs to the points system summarized in Table 3.18 of 14 million for existing USA plants. It allows various materials and methods to be compared in terms of their emissions. The MACT model point values are in units of lbs of HAP per ton of resin or gel coat. Point values shown are for vapor-surpassed resins applied manually, mechanically, or by filament winding/centrifugal casting are applicable for unfilled resin systems only. Refer to EPA for more information. 

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