Filament fibres developments

A convenient dynamic method for measuring the torsional modulus of synthetic fibre filaments was developed by Wakelin et al. [22]. 

Alceru A process for making cellulosic filaments and staple fibres. The cellulose is first dissolved in an aqueous solution of N-methylamine-N-oxide. Developed by Zimmer (Frankfurt) and TITK (Rudolstadt) from 1987. A pilot plant was expected to be built by April... 

Carbacell [Carbamate cellulose] A process for making rayon filament and staple fibre. Cellulose is reacted with urea in an inert organic solvent at a high temperature to yield cellulose carbamate. This process avoids the environmental problems caused by carbon disulfide in the viscose process. Developed by Zimmer in the 1990s and piloted in Germany and Poland. Commercialization is expected by 1999. 

Functional fibres, filaments and yams are the basic building blocks of electrotextiles. The textile industry has demonstrated a remarkable capability to incorporate both natural and man-made filaments into yarns and fabrics to satisfy a wide range of physical parameters which survive the manufacturing process and are tailored to specific application environments. Electronic components can be fabricated within and/or on the surface of filaments and can subsequently be processed into functional yams and woven into fabrics. Passive components such as resistors, capacitors and inductors can be fabricated in several different manners. Diodes and transistors can be made on long, thin, flat strands of silicon or formed in a coaxial way. Progress has been made in the development of fibre batteries and fibre-based solar cells. In addition, a variety of actuated materials (piezoelectric, etc.) can be made into multiple long strands (filaments) and subsequently be woven into fabric. 

Several devices have been developed for the irtrsitu tensile testing of fibres and filaments. To combat the poor sensitivity of the spectrometers, it is usual to strain several fibres simultaneously. Verma and Peterlin looped nylon 6 fibres between two holders, so that the fibres passed through the cavity, with the holders outside the active zone. The holders formed sealed ends to suprasfl quartz tube which could be evacuated to < 10 mm Hg. One holder was fixed, while the other holder was moved by a hand operated screw jack. No provision was made for simultaneously measuring load/deformation curves, which had to be obtained from conventional tensile tests on other fibres. 

P.Ja. Kostorina, Development of dyeing concentrates on polymer base for Kapron filaments dyeing in mass. All-Union scientific-technical conference Theory and practice of chemical fibres formation , Mytishchi (1933), 123-129 (in Russian). 

In 1993, collaboration between Patagonia and Malden Mills (now Polartec) led to the early development of recycled polyester fibre (from Wellman Inc.) for use in Synchilla fleece made from plastic soda bottles that diverted waste from landfills. Later, PCR filament yam was made for linings and shell fabrics from 30% to 50% post-consumer materials (bottles, polyester uniforms, tents and garments) with the remainder sourced from post-industrial waste. Clothes, at end of life, if constituted from one fibre type, can be recyclable. In theory, consumers may return a polyester garment to be forwarded to a processor to be re-made into fibre or downgraded to other forms of plastic. 

Prepared filaments and fibres are applied not only in the floor coverings as the most important utilization for PP, but also medical, hygienic, apparel, automotive and/or agricultural sectors became crucial, for applications such as disposable diapers, sports underwear and equipment, artificial grass, geo textiles, ropes, car seats, oil wipes, wet and dry filters or membranes. Physical and chemical properties of polyolefins fibres are developed for many applications, in order to increase comfort characteristics, tensile strength, and/or other utility properties they are often blended, co-processed or combined with other materials such as polar acrylics, wool, bonding agents, hydrophilic fillers, or stabilizers. 

When considering the mechanism of a slash, a staple fibre yam is more resistant to slash than a continuous filament yam, as the staple fibre yams help to dissipate the force over a larger area. Hence, further blends of staple fibre high performance yams could be developed. 

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