Field safety surveys

The National Occupational Safety Association (NOSA) of South Africa developed the NOSA Five-Star System in the early 1970s. It was based on 25 years of consulting experience by NOSA field staff and 150,000 safety surveys that had been conducted across a wide range of industries and mines. 

A safety survey is a detailed examination of a number of critical areas of operation, e.g. process safety, manual handling operations, or an in-depth study of the whole health and safety operations of a workplace. A survey examines, for instance, health and safety management procediues, environmental working conditions, occupational health and hygiene arrangements, the wide field of safety and accident prevention, and the system for the provision of information, instruction and training for staff and other persons affected by the organisation s operations. 

At the development planning stage, a reservoir mode/will have been constructed and used to determine the optimum method of recovering the hydrocarbons from the reservoir. The criteria for the optimum solution will most likely have been based on profitability and safety. The model Is Initially based upon a limited data set (perhaps a seismic survey, and say five exploration and appraisal wells) and will therefore be an approximation of the true description of the field. As development drilling and production commence, further data is collected and used to update both the geological model (the description of the structure, environment of deposition, diagenesis and fluid distribution) and the reservoir model (the description of the reservoir under dynamic conditions). 

NIOSH. 1977j. National occupational hazard survey. Vol. Ill Survey analysis and supplemental tables. Cincinnati, OH U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies. DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 78-114, 346. 

MarcelenoT, Bierbaum PJ, Mallov JS. 1974. Survey of Premium Finishes, Incorporated, Cincinnati, OH. Cincinnati, OH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Field Studies and Clinical Investigations. NTIS No. PB81-242729. 

The 8 UGS candidates were chosen among other oil and gas fields because these sites (with some variation) are well documented (e.g. 2D seismic surveys and a number of wells) and the reservoirs has a proven seal, which has been able to withhold a gas overpressure for million of years. This is important both for safety reasons and for operating the gas storage without risks of gas leaking away in the substrata. 

NIOSH. 1988. National occupational exposure survey field guidelines. Cincinnati, Ohio Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Publication no. 88-106. 

Zaebst DD. 1984. In-depth industrial hygiene survey report of Henredon Furniture Industries, Inc., Morganton, North Carolina. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies Industry Wide Studies Branch. Cincinnati, OH. 

Demel (1991) and Demel and Meshkati (1989) conducted an extensive field study to explore how the performance of U.S.-owned manufacturing plants in other countries is affected by both the national culture of the host country and the organizational culture of the subsidiary plant. A manufacturing plant division of a large American multinational corporation was examined in three countries Puerto Rico, the United States, and Mexico. Hofstede s (1980a) Values Survey Module for national culture and Reynolds s (1986) Survey of Organizational Culture were administered. Performance measures (i.e., production, safety, and quahty) were collected through the use of secondary research. 

C. Joint position coefficient B B value is determined by the relative azimuth angle of control joint surface and working face roof Based on classification method, joint fissure survey results in field and coal and rock physical and mechanical parameters test results. The dip angle of controlled joint surface is steep dip in working face roof Working face roof is normally horizontal. The joint position coefficient B of surrounding rock is 0.85 when it is classified by the unfavorable principle. This value is used to improve safety factor. 

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