Field case studies

Chapter 7 discusses in situ hydrates in the oceans and permafrost. Seven key concepts are presented for hydrates in nature. These concepts are illustrated in four field case studies for hydrate assessment (Blake Bahama Ridge, Hydrate Ridge) and production (Messoyakha and Mallik, 2002). 

In the field case study, the AA effectively inhibited hydrate formation, with no significant downstream problems. 

Poikilotopic carbonate cements can reduce reservoir porosity in relatively clean, massive sandstones over large areas, of the order of at least 300 km (Angel Field). Based on log characteristics, major carbonate-cemented zones can attain a cumulative thickness of at least 165 m in marine sandstones (Dampier sub-basin, Carnarvon basin) and 110 m in fluvial sandstones (Eromanga basin). The total volume of carbonate cement in petroleum fields can approach 1 km, as exemplified by. the Angel Field case study. 

The areal concentration of major carbonate-cemented zones can reflect the location of incipient structural closure during the time of carbonate cementation, rather than the modern-day closure, as exemplified by the Angel Field case study. 

Fluid properties, phase and compartmentalization Magnolia Field case study, Deepwater Gulf of Mexico, USA... 

Following approval by the Corps and the Duluth Seaway Port Authority to continue testing ECGO at the Erie Pier site, EPI and ecp converted the Erie Pier test from an in situ to an ex situ (heaped) condition in 2005. The context and basis for evaluating ECGO as a potential ex situ (heaped) sediment remediation technology in the Duluth, Minnesota, project is explained in the following European field case study overview. 

The Duluth, Minnesota, Field Case Study of Ex Situ (Heaped) ECGO Air injection into the sediment at Erie Pier was marginally successful, so a second approach was tried, starting in year 4 (2005). This included heaping the test cell material as shown in Figure 32.18 and incorporating horizontal perforated pipes... 

Aitcin, P.C., and Regourd, M. (1985) Use of condensed silica fume to control alkah-silica reaction a field case study. Cement and Concrete Research 15,711-719. 

With the frequent use of computer programs, many young people are unable to grasp concepts and fundamentals well. This affects the conduct of geotechnical engineering modules. This paper presents several approaches adopted by the author in conducting geotechnical module leetures and tutorials at various levels. For junior modules, the author only eovers the key concepts from the textbook and faeilitates the students to think deeper and independently. Poser questions are provided from time to time to motivate them to delve more deeply into the subjeet matter. For all levels, actual field case studies are introdueed to enable students to appreciate the praetieal applieations of the subject matter. 

S. Waryan, D.T. Vo, J. Stites, and M. Swanson (2001) Integrated 3D geological data into fluid flow model improves reservoir management plan Serang field case study. SPE 68646. Proceedings of the SPE Asia Pacific Conference, Jakarta, 2001. 

The field of gas phase reaction dynamics has been extensively reviewed elsewhere [1, 2 and 3] in considerably greater detail than is appropriate for this chapter. Here, we begin by simnnarizing the key theoretical concepts and experimental teclmiques used in reaction dynamics, followed by a case study , the reaction F + H2 HF + H, which serves as an illustrative example of these ideas. 

The above discussion represents a necessarily brief simnnary of the aspects of chemical reaction dynamics. The theoretical focus of tliis field is concerned with the development of accurate potential energy surfaces and the calculation of scattering dynamics on these surfaces. Experimentally, much effort has been devoted to developing complementary asymptotic techniques for product characterization and frequency- and time-resolved teclmiques to study transition-state spectroscopy and dynamics. It is instructive to see what can be accomplished with all of these capabilities. Of all the benclunark reactions mentioned in section A3.7.2. the reaction F + H2 —> HE + H represents the best example of how theory and experiment can converge to yield a fairly complete picture of the dynamics of a chemical reaction. Thus, the remainder of this chapter focuses on this reaction as a case study in reaction dynamics. 

Another subsidiary field of study was the effect of high concentrations of a diffusing solute, such as interstitial carbon in iron, in slowing diffusivity (in the case of carbon in fee austenite) because of mutual repulsion of neighbouring dissolved carbon atoms. By extension, high carbon concentrations can affect the mobility of substitutional solutes (Babu and Bhadeshia 1995). These last two phenomena, quenched-in vacancies and concentration effects, show how a parepisteme can carry smaller parepistemes on its back. 

United States at least. The huge field of inorganic materials synthesis is not further discussed in this chapter, but the interested reader will benefit from reading a survey entitled Inorganic materials synthesis learning from case studies (Roy 1996). 

In all these examples, the importance of good simulation and modeling cannot be stressed enough. A variety of methods have been used in this field to simulate the data in the cases studies described above. Blander et al. [4], for example, used a semi-empirical molecular orbital method, MNDO, to calculate the geometries of the free haloaluminate ions and used these as a basis for the modeling of the data by the RPSU model [12]. Badyal et al. [6] used reverse Monte Carlo simulations, whereas Bowron et al. [11] simulated the neutron data from [MMIM]C1 with the Empirical Potential Structure Refinement (EPSR) model [13]. 

This book demonstrates the application of biological sciences in engineering with theoretical and practical aspects. The seventeen chapters give more understanding of the knowledge related to the specified field, with more practical approaches and related case studies with original research data. It is a book for students to follow the sequential lectures with detailed explanations, and solves the actual problems in the related chapters. 

Our science building at Brigham Young University is not complete. We are still adding equipment and modifying laboratories to accommodate the latest of experiments. In the same way, these two volumes do not represent a completed study of chemical thermodynamics. This is especially true in Chapters 15 and 16 where we have chosen to use the "case study approach in which we introduce selected examples where we apply thermodynamics to the study of processes of an industrial, geological, and biological nature. It is impossible to cover these broad fields in one book. The examples that we have... 

On the basis of case studies, anecdotes and field experience, practitioners view the individual and organizational benefits of formal schemes as shown in Table 4.4. It can be seen that each of the points under the heading of organizational benefits has a coimterpart under individual benefits. ... 

Virtually all of the benefits of formal mentoring that are reported and documented are drawn from anecdotes, case studies or field experience. Notwithstanding the power of these, there ought to be empirical studies to corroborate the existing information. 

The only respect in which the hot atom chemistry of organometallic compounds has so far been applied to other fields of study is in the area of isotope enrichment. Much of this has been done for isolation of radioactive nuclides from other radioactive species for the purpose of nuclear chemical study, or for the preparation of high specific activity radioactive tracers. Some examples of these applications have been given in Table II. The most serious difficulty with preparation of carrier-free tracers by this method is that of radiolysis of the target compound, which can be severe under conditions suited to commercial isotope production, so that the radiolysis products dilute the enriched isotopes. A balance can be struck in some cases, however, between high yield and high specific activity (19, 7J),... 

Catalysis is a very broad field of study that is closely intenvoven ivith numerous other scientific disciplines. This becomes immediately evident if we realize that catalysis as phenomenon encompasses many length scales. Fig. 1.8 illustrates this for the case of heterogeneous catalysis. 

For real perturbations, e g., in the presence of a static electric field, which is the case studied in the present paper, the zero- and first-order orbitals can always be chosen real, so that also... 

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