Fidelity

Typically it is best to develop a model that has just sufficient fidelity to meet the modeling objectives. Care should be taken and informed decisions made to assure that future needs can be met with minimal cost, so at times some preinvestment can be made in a model by including higher fidelity than absolutely required for immediate objectives. 

Sensitivity analysis can be done to understand the impacts of each of the overall model s individual models and equations to the objective function and to the computed optimal operating conditions. 

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Figure Bl.18.2. Diffraction figure of a grating If only the zeroth-order beam were collected by the lens, only a bright area would be visible without any stnicture indicating the presence of the grating. If the zeroth- and ifirst-order beams are collected, as indicated in the figure, the grating can be observed, albeit with incomplete object fidelity.

Akkermans R P, Wu M, Bain C D, Fidel-Suerez M and Compton R G 1998 Electroanalysis of ascorbic acid a comparative study of laser ablation voltammetry and sonovoltammetry E/eofroana/ys/s 10 613... 

Mag netic Tapes. Chromium dioxide, Cr02, is used as a ferromagnetic material in high fidelity magnetic tapes (qv). Chromium dioxide has several technical advantages over the magnetic iron oxides generally used (58,246). 

Memory requirements for one-dimensional eontinuum dynamies ealeulations are minimal by the standards of eurrent hardware. Thus, sufTieiently fine zoning ean be used in sueh ealeulations to eapture details of material response and provide a rigorous test of fidelity for the numerieal models employed. The ability to use fine zoning also ensures that any diserepaneies between ealeulation and experiment ean be attributed, with eonsiderable eonfidenee, to Inadequaeies in the material response model. In faet, most desktop workstations have suffieient eomputing horsepower and memory to meet the eom-putating needs in one-dimensional material response studies. 

The Snoek pendulum, which in the most general sense is a device to measure relaxations, has also been used to measure relaxation caused by tangential displacements at grain boundaries. This application has been the central concern of a distinguished Chinese physicist, Tingsui Ke, for all of the past 55 years. He was stimulated to this study by Clarence Zener, in 1945, and pursued the approach, first in Chicago and then in China. This exceptional fidelity to a powerful quantitative technique was recognised by a medal and an invitation to deliver an overview lecture in America, recently published shortly before his death (Ke 1999). 

The withheld information technique is used to explore the manner in which operators select and use information in process abnormalities. A particular abnormal process event is represented in a control panel "mock-up" or a "low-fidelity" simulator, and information is withheld from the worker until it is requested. This technique has been developed by Marshall et al. (1981) and has been used to elicit the diagnostic plans used by experienced workers during various process transients in a crude distillation imit. There are three main applications of this technique ... 

DNA replication yields two DNA molecules identical to die original one, ensuring transmission of genetic information to daughter cells widi exceptional fidelity. 

Treue,/, faithfulness, fidelity faith sincerity loyalty unifor mity. 

An obvious solution would be to undervalue the work done, in order to avoid a claim from the client. The case of Lubenham Fidelities and Investment Co v. South Pembrokeshire District Council (1986) took care of any tendency to undervalue. In that case, the Court of Appeal ruled that the contractor might sue the architect in tort for any damages suffered by him because of the negligent valuation. 

Theft by employees is another major exclusion from the theft policy, although the insurance market is prepared to cover this risk (subject to excess) through a fidelity policy. 

Koch, PL., Behrensmeyer, A.K., Tuross, N. and Fogel, M.L. 1990 Isotopic fidelity during bone weathering and burial. Annual Report of the Director, Geophysical Laboratory, 1989-1990. Washington, D.C., Carnegie Institution ofWashington 105-110. 

Mansky LM, Temin HM (1995) Lower in vivo mutation rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 than that predicted from the fidelity of purified reverse transcriptase, J Virol 69 5087-5094... 

THE FIDELITY FREQUENCY OF TRANSCRIPTION IS CONTROLLED BY PROTEINS BOUND TO CERTAIN DNA SEQUENCES... 

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