High-fidelity simulators

Numerical Waves in High-Fidelity Simulations of Reacting Flows... 

In the field of design and development processes, only very few high fidelity simulation models can be found. 

The present work focuses on high-fidelity simulation of the detonation initiation process using realistic finite-rate chemistry models. In general, there are three experimental methods to initiate detonation (i) flame initiation, (li) shock-wave initiation, and (in ) direct initiation. In all three cases, shock waves occur prior to detonation initiation. This chapter focuses on the third initiation mode, which is relevant to the detonation initiation process in a Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE). For background information, a brief account of the above three initiation modes is provided in the following. 

Wang and Liu [51] made a very careful study of the flow bifurcation behavior in a slightly curved microscale duct (d/R = 5 x 10 ) where they examined the effect of increasing Dean number on the flow structure for a square section channel. A high-accuracy finite volume method was used to determine the bifurcation structure of the system. Their results showed that this simple system exhibits very complex behavior with a two-cell state at low Dean numbers changing to a temporally periodic oscillation, another steady two-cell state, a temporally intermittent oscillation and finally a chaotic temporal oscillation as the Dean number is increased. This work highlights the complexity of this very simple system and the need for high-fidelity simulations. 

Li, Z.K., Liu, H., Dai, R. and Su, X. 2005. Application of numerical analysis principles and key technology for high fidelity simulation to 3-D physical model tests for underground caverns. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 2Q 390-399. 

Low-fidelity simulators are generaUy focused on single skiUs that allow learners practice in isolation, on their own time, without much required feedback. Medium-fidelity simulators are more realistic in their representation of the task, but lack sufficient cues for the learner to be fuUy immersed in the situation. High-fidelity simulators provide adequate cues and feedback to aUow for fuU immersion and response to treatment interventions. Feedback can be objective measures built in to the simulator itself, or offer cues for feedback from an instructor [43]. 

Figure 10.13 High-fidelity simulated operating suite. ( McMaster University.)...

In practice, a lot of microfluidic devices often involve irregular component geometry (e.g., junctions and channels with variable cross-sections) and, hence, their R, L and C values in Eqs. (1) and (2) are not directly available. In this case, high-fidelity simulations that enable spatio-temporal analysis and/or an ensemble of experimental data are used to identify and extract these values. Usually, an interface linking the detailed device simulation and macromodel generation needs to be established to automate RLC value extraction. Such a procedure is called automatic macromodel extraction [1]. 

High-fidelity simulation of communication networks based on ABM is employed for the analysis of network problems and validation of models... 

Reduced-order models, i.e. CN, SD and DSCT, can enhance the feasibility of hybrid modeling and simulation approaches but the adherence to real system behavior must be validated by high-fidelity simulations. 

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