Fibroblast activation protein

Scallan, M.J., Raj, B.K.M., Calvo, B., Garin-Chesa, P., Sanz-Moncasi, M.P., Healey, J.H., Old, L.J. and Rettig, W.J. (1994) Molecular cloning of fibroblast activation protein alpha, a member of the serine protease family selectively expressed in stromal fibroblast of epithelial cancers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ofthe United States of America, 91, 5657-5661. 

Schmidt, A., Muller, D., Mersmann, M., Wtiest, T., Gerlach, E., Garin-Chesa, P., et al. (2001) Generation of human high-affinity antibodies specific for the fibroblast activation protein by guided selection. Eur. J. Biochem. 268, 1730-1738. 

Last, population pharmacokinetics of sibrotuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against fibroblast activation protein (FAP), which is expressed in the stromal fibroblasts in >90% of malignant epithelial tumors, were analzyed in patients with advanced or metastatic carcinoma after multiple IV infusions of doses ranging from 5 mg/m to a maximum of 100 mg (78). The PK model consisted of two distribution compartments with parallel first-order and Michaelis-Menten elimination pathways from the central compartment. Body weight was significantly correlated with both central and peripheral distribution volumes, the first-order elimination clearance, and ymax of the Michaelis-Menten pathway. Of interest was the observation that body surface area was inferior to body weight as a covariate in explaining interpatient variability. 

DPP-IV is in a family of ubiquitous atypical serine proteases with numerous functions, including roles in nutrition, metabolism, the endocrine and immune systems, cancer growth, bone marrow mobilization, and cell adhesion [20]. The DPP-IV family includes four enzymes (DPP-IV, fibroblast activation protein (FAP),DPP8, andDPP9) and two nonenzymes (DPP-IV-like protein-6 DPP6, DPL-1, orDPP-X andDPP10 DPL-2) [20]. 

Cheng JD, Dunbrack RL, Valianou M, Rogatko A, Alpaugh RK, Weiner LM (2002) Promotion of tumor growth by murine fibroblast activation protein, a serine protease, in an animal model. Cancer Res 62 4767-4772... 

Wang XM, Yao T-W, Nadvi NA, Osborne B, McCaughan GW, Gorrell MD (2008) Fibroblast activation protein and chronic liver disease. Front Biosci 13 3168-3180... 

Enzyme activation. In addition to DNA/RNA chains, peptides can also be used to construct molecular beacons, termed peptide-based photodynamic molecular beacons (PPMBs), where the PS and quencher, initially held close together by the peptide conformation, separate by the action of specific enzymes that cleave the linking sequence. The most-used peptide is caspase-3 ° (GDEVDGSGC) which is cleaved at the underlined sequence by caspase-3 protease. Similar peptides containing the DEVD sequence have been used as well. Another example is FAPMB, a molecular beacon for the fibroblast activation protein, cell-surface... 

Fe-TPAA Fe(III)-tris[N-(2-pyridylmethyl)-2-aminoethyl] amine Fe-TPEN Fe(II)-tetrakis-N,N,N, N -(2-pyridyl methyl-2-aminoethyl)amine FFA Free fatty acids FGF Fibroblast growth factor FID Flame ionization detector FITC Fluorescein isothiocyanate FKBP FK506-binding protein FLAP 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein... 

Other plasminogen activator inhibitors are PAI-3, which is believed to be identical to the activated protein C inhibitor, and proteinase nexin 1, found in the renal epithelial cells, cytosol of fibroblasts, and cardiac myocytes (37, 42, 44, 45). 

Andreone TL, O Connor, M, Denenberg A, Hake PW, Zingarelli B (2003) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 regulates activation of activator protein-1 in murine fibroblasts. J Immunol 170 2113-2120... 

Bae JY, Choi JS, Choi YJ, Shin SY, Kang SW, Han SJ, Kang YH. 2008. (-)Epigallo-catechin gallate hampers collagen destruction and collagenase activation in ultra-violet-B-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase. Food Chem Toxicol 46 1298-1307. 

Gamovskaya MN, van Biesen T, Hawe B, Casanas Ramos S, Lefkowitz RJ, Raymond JR. Ras-dependent activation of fibroblast mitogen-activated protein kinase by 5-HT1A receptor via a G protein (fy-subunit-initiated pathway. Biochemistry 1996 35 13,716-13,722. 

Mukhin YV, Gamovskaya MN, Collinsworth G, et al. 5-Hydroxytryptamine1A rcccptor/G stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase via NAD(P)H oxidase and reactive oxygen species upstream of src in Chinese hamster ovary fibroblasts. Biochem J 2000 347(Pt l) 61-67. 

HordijkPL, VerlaanI, JalinkK, vanCorvenEJ, Moolenaar WH.1994. cAMP abrogates the p21ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 269 35334—35338. 

Purdom, S., and Q.M. Chen. 2005. Epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent and - independent pathways in hydrogen peroxide-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in car-diomyocytes and heart fibroblasts. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 312 1179-1186. 

The observations reported below, made in five different cohorts with various methodologies, converge to suggest that anomalies of GSH metabolism represent a vulnerability factor in at least a subgroup of schizophrenia patients. They concern cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain GSH levels, enzymatic activity, protein and gene expression in fibroblasts and allelic variants of the GCL genes ( Figure 2.5-2). 

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