Fibrinogen/fibrin sources

Prior to May of 1998 when the commercial product was approved by the FDA in the United States, surgeons in this country formed fibrin sealant by using topical bovine thrombin, which is a commercially available product, together with concentrated fibrinogen most frequently obtained from the blood bank. Standard blood bank cryoprecipitate is a good source of concentrated fibrinogen. Also... 

Calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D are needed for formation of bones and teeth. Supplements containing calcium, fluoride and vitamin D are commonly used to treat osteoporosis, and some American physicians recommend Turns as an inexpensive source of calcium. Calcium is needed also for formation of milk, maintaining correct heart rhythm, and conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin to form blood clots. Calcium salts are sometimes administered to promote blood clotting. 

Factor XIII will slowly form c-N- (y-glutamyl) lysine cross-linkages in fibrinogen, in itself and in other proteins (37). Transaminases from other sources will also cross-link fibrin, as well as other proteins. In addition, they will covalently attach amino-containing substrates to the y-carboxyl group of glutamic acid residues in proteins (38). 

Fibrin, a biopolymer similar to collagen, is involved in the natural blood-dotting process. Fibrinogen, which is a 360 kDa protein, composed of three pairs of polypeptide chains is the source of fibrin. The structure of fibrin can be divided into three major sections consisting of a central domain composed of fibrinopeptide E with two pairs of fibrinopeptide A and B molecules and two terminal domains of fibrinopeptide D. Spontaneous fibrillogenesis is the formation of a linear fibril by... 

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