Fiber warp

Ottoman a-to-mon (1605) n. Heavy, large, filling rib yarns, often of cotton, wool, or waste yarn, covered in their entirety by silk or manufactured fiber warp yarns, characterized this fabric used for womens wear and coats. 

Glass-fiber-reinforced (increased stiffness and tensile strength) and mineral filled (reduced shrink and warp) grades also have been developed. 

Commercially, elastomeric fibers are almost always used in combination with hard fibers such as nylon, polyester, or cotton. Use levels vary from a low of about 3% in some filling stretch cotton fabrics to a high of about 40% in some warp-knit tricot fabrics. Raschel fabrics used in foundation garments normally contain 10—20% spandex fiber. 

When selecting a particular paster adhesive, coating material, and coating process for sohd fiber packaging, the fact that sohd fiberboard lacks the open-flute stmcture (to facihtate exit of moisture from internal phes of paperboard) should be considered. It is generally desirable to minimize the amount of process water added with the adhesive or coating with sohd fiber products. Moisture trapped in the filler phes can result in pin holes or bhsters in the coating and/or warp of the sheet (15). 

Microdenier nylon and polyester were a significant spinning breakthrough when demonstrated in 1985. The finer-than-silk fibers added a new dimension to fabric aesthetics, comfort, and performance. Microdenier nylons are used in weaving, warp knits, and weft knits for sports-, leisure-, and... 

Crystalline polymers undergo a discontinuous decrease in volume when cooled through (Fig. 4). This can lead to nonuniform shrinkage and warping in molded objects. On the other hand, it also causes the polymer to "lock on" to reinforcing fibers, eg, glass (qv), so that crystalline thermoplastics benefit much more than amorphous thermoplastics from fiber reinforcement. 

Low DS hydroxyethyl starches are used as paper coatings and sizes to improve sheet strength and stiffness. They are also employed as paper-coating color adhesives, and to increase fiber bonding in paper products. Hydroxyethylstarches are also used as textile warp sizes. 

Controlling the extraction rate is vital because the shape and texture of the resultant fiber is directly influenced by the solvent removal rate. As the solvent is extracted from the surface of the fiber, significant concentration gradients can form. These gradients may result in a warping of the desired eircular shape of the fiber. For example, if the solvent is removed too quickly, the fiber tends to collapse into a dog-bone shape. Additionally, the solvent extraction rate influences the development of internal voids or flaws in the fiber. These flaws limit the tensile strength of the fibers. 

It is also common practice to classify filter media by their materials of construction. Examples are cotton, wool, linen, glass fiber, porosmooth surface caused by carrying the warp (or the weft) on the fabric surface over many weft (or warp) yarns. Intersections between warp and weft are kept to a minimum, just sufficient to hold the fabric firmly together and still provide a smooth fabric surface. The percentage of open area in a textile filter indicates the proportion of total fabric area that is open, and can be determined by the following relationship ... 

Balanced construction In woven RPs, equal parts of warp and fill fibers exist. Its construction is one in which reactions to tension and compression loads result in extension or compression deformations only, and... 

Figure 2.7. WAXS, 2D-detector and fiber symmetry unwarping of the detector surface to map it on the (sq, s )-slice. Fiber direction is tilted by y/ = —30° with respect to the primary beam, i = 10 cm, A. = 0.154 nm. On the detector the apparent warped grid is a square grid (edge length 3 cm)... 

Overall, the PC blends improve the HDT and impact, especially in the absence of fillers such as glass fiber. The PC reduces shrink and, in glass-filled blends, reduces warp (the amorphous PC resin shrinking less than the PBT). The PC also improves PBT paint adhesion and other secondary operations such as gluing. 

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