Thermosets high performance resins

Features Thermosetting high performance inc. chem. and solv. resist. Regulatory FDA 21CFR 175.105,175.300,176.170,176.180,177.1210 Properties Gardner 7 max. sol n. sol. in alcohols, ketones, glycol ethers partly sol. in aromatics, water insol. in aliphatics sp.gr. 1.06 vise. 700-1000 cP 52-56% solids BKS-2900 [Georgia-Pacific Resins]... 

Plastics, either thermosetting or thermoplastic - most commonly epoxies or high-performance resins - that contain carbon or graphite fibers. Chung DD (1994) Carbon fiber compositers. Elsevier Science and Technology Books, New York. 

The additives that are usually added to thermoset resin systems to improve the flame-retardant features and toughness of network polymers are known as flame retardants and toughening agents (or flexibilisers ), respectively. The design of such additives to make a high-performance resin have been investigated extensively in recent years, and are discussed separately in subsequent chapters. 

Polyesters are one of the most versatile classes of polymers ever produced, covering a wide range of properties and applications. Polyesters are present in fibers, engineering thermoplastics, and high-performance polymers as well as in thermosetting resins and elastomers. Table 2.1 lists the chemical structure, abbreviations, and uses of some commercially important thermoplastic polyesters. 

Yang, L., Klang, J. and Cai, G., Process for making high-performance polyetherester resins and thermosets, US Patent 5 696 225, 1997. 

In most applications, polyester and vinyl ester resins are used as the matrix materials. Epoxies are also used, although they require longer cure times and do not release easily from the pultrusion dies. Hence, thermosetting resins are most commonly used with pultrusion, although some high-performance thermoplastics such as PEEK and polysulfone can also be accommodated. In addition to the resin, the resin bath may contain a curing agent (initiator, cf. Section 3.3.1.2), colorants, ultraviolet stabilizer, and fire retardant. 

ALLYL ESTER RESINS. The allyl radical (CH2CH=CH2) is the basis of the allyl family of resins. Allyl esters arc based on monobasic and dibasic acids and are available as low-viscosity monomers and thermoplastic prepolymers. They are used as crosslinking agents for unsaluraied polyester resins and in the preparation of reinforced thermoset molding compounds and high-performance transparent articles. All modem thermoset techniques may be used for processing allyl resins. 

FRP materials are made up of the polymer and reinforcing fibers. The polymer is typically a thermoset polymer thermoplastics can be used as well. Some typical thermoset polymers used are epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy vinyl ester resins, phenolic resins, and high performance aerospace resins such as cyanate esters, polyimides, and bismaleimides. These resins... 

Epoxy resins are high-performance thermosetting resins, which display a unique combination of properties. Epoxy resins have been commercially available for almost a half-century. Epoxy resins are arguably one of the most versatile polymers with uses across an enormously wide variety of industries. The outstanding physical properties exhibited by epoxy resins include... 

A.J.DeMaio (1991). Engineering High Performance Thermoset Resins from Polyethylene Terephthalate) Thermoplastics. Proceedings of the 46th Annual Conference of the Composites Institute of the Society of Plastics Institute, pp. 18C/1-18C/5. 

Adapted from Table 8.4 in Lin, S.-C. Pearce, E.M. High-performance epoxy resins. Chapter 8. In High-Performance Thermosets, Chemistry, Properties, Applications Hanser New York, 1998, p. 259.)... 

The classic thermosets, such as ebonite, phenolics, ureas, melamines and polyesters as well as the epoxies, when reinforced with fiberglass or graphite fibers could also be classified as high performance thermosets. While these plastics cannot be readily extruded or injection molded, they are resistant to the effects of moderately high hostile environments. Phenolic resin mortars have been used for over a half century for the construction of chemical resistant vessels and for joining brick and tile used as linings in hot acid environments. (1.)... 

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