Fiber branching

A cross-section through the human visual pathways can be seen in Figure 5.4. One may note that the predominant pathway leads from the eye to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus, and from there to the occipital part of the cortex, while less important numbers of fibers branch off to a tectal area, the superior colliculus (SC), and to a number of pre-tectal nuclei. We will briefly discuss these subcortical pathways below. 

Armstrong DM, Harvey RJ, Schild RF (1973) The spatial organization of climbing fiber branching in the cat cerebellum. Exp. Brain Res., 18, 40-58. 

Rosina A, Provini L (1983) Somatotopy of climbing fiber branching to the cerebellar cortex in cat. Brain Res., 289, 45-63. 

Woolston DC, Kassel J, Gibson JM (1981) Trigeminocerebellar mossy fiber branching to granule cell layer patches in the rat cerebellum. Brain Res., 209, 255-269. 

The demand for special synthetic fibers for the composites industry has been growing continuously. In this context special means that these fibers have some unique properties making them applicable to build high strength, highly functional or smart materials and composites or they can modify the mechanical properties of composites even if applied only in a small amount. In the last two decades the research on fibers branched basically into three different subdirections. 

Treatment should include the upper thoracic and upper cervical regions especially when sympathetic tone is elevated. This can have an influence on the adenohypophysis output via the sympathetic fibers branching off from the carotid complex following the blood supply to the secretory structures. It may also decrease fluid retention in the upper thoracic region, increase lymphatic drainage both locally and systemi-cally, and may reduce breast tenderness commonly associated with dysmenorrhea. Additional treatment of the thoracic and pelvic... 

Crystallographic Mismatch Nucleation Induced Fiber Branching... 

Figure 2.6 Thermodynamically and additive-enhanced fiber tip branching, (a) Design of network architecture, (b) Modification of micro/nanostructure of 3D interconnecting fiber network by controlling fiber branching, (c-f) illustrates the effects of thermodynamic driving force on the fiber network structure. (c,e) are fiber networks formed at higher temperatures (lower thermodynamic driving force), (d,f) are the corresponding fiber networks formed at lower temperatures (higher...

In a recent work, the crystallographic mismatch-induced fiber branching of HSA was examined on a molecular scale using synchrotron Fourier transform infrared (ETIR) spectroscopy [19]. It was observed that the lengths of the HSA fibers were influenced by crystallographic mismatches resulting from the incorporation of H SA... 

As discussed in Section 2.3.3, supersaturation is an important factor that controls the fiber branching. Supersaturation, the thermal dynamic driving force, not only affects the nucleation rate, but also affects fiber branching by decreasing (at higher... 

Surfactant-Enhanced Fiber Branching The interfacial adsorption of surfactant molecules has long been well known. A surfactant molecule is amphiphihc, with a hydrophilic head and one or two hydrophobic tails. This contributes to its strong adsorption at the interface of two phases (i.e., water-air, two solvents) with different polarity in order to reduce the interfacial tension (or surface free energy). 

It has been demonstrated that the elasticity of a given material can be improved by enhancing the fiber branching. A power law function (G = 1.07 x 10 -o.49j between the elasticity G and correlation length of GP-1 fibers formed in ISA was obtained [5]. Power law relations between G and pore size have been proposed for polymer gels and networks. For example, for semi-flexible and flexible polymer networks the exponents were found to be —2 and —3, respectively [46]. According... 

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