Fetal growth retardation

Insl/Ins2 (19/7) Growth promoting Fetal growth retardation perinatal death... 

Irsljlrs2 Growth promoting Fetal growth retardation... 

Other gene mutations associated with placental development have been described that are not embryonic lethal but result in fetal growth retardation,... 

In developmental assays parathion produced embryocidal effects and fetal growth retardation, but no malformations, in mice and rats at doses that were generally below the level that was toxic for the mother. ... 

The fetoplacental unit includes maternal and fetal placental circulations, other placental functions, umbilical cord and amniotic fluid. If chemicals — for example, vasoactive drugs — reduce the placental circulation or cause umbilical vasoconstriction, then marked prolonged action may cause fetal death from anoxia, but an action for less than 2 h in rodents may cause fetal growth retardation or... 

Exposure by inhalation to methyl chloride causes fetal growth retardation and impaired male reproductive capacity in rats and malformations of the heart in fetal mice (lARC, 1986). The preimplantation losses described in rats in which the males were exposed to 6300 mg/m methyl chloride for 6 h per day for five days were due to a failure of fertilization rather than preimplantation embryonic death. A concentration of 2100 mg/m3 had no effect upon fertilization (Working Bus, 1986). 

Reproductive toxicity studies in animals provide important information for evaluating the potential developmental toxicity in children. Developmental toxicity effects assessed in reproductive toxicity studies include fetal growth retardation, malformations, fetal loss, decreases in peri- and postnatal growth and survival, retarded... 

When administered during the second or third trimester of pregnancy, ACE-inhibitors can cause fetal abnormalities, including oligohydramnios, pulmonary hypoplasia, fetal growth retardation, renal dysgenesis neonatal anuria and neonatal death. 

Uzan S, Beaufils M, Breart G, Bazin B, Capitant C, Paris J. Prevention of fetal growth retardation with low-dose aspirin findings of the EPREDA trial. Lancet 1991 337(8755) 1427-31. 

The effect of 2,4,5-T was investigated in in vitro studies with sublethal concentrations of 2,4,5-T, which showed an inhibitory effect on calcium-dependent ATPase. In vivo exposure to various sub-lethal concentrations of 2,4,5-T during 96 h caused a significant inhibition of microsomal calcium-dependent ATPase. 2,4,5-T inhibits renal anion transport. Exposure of cells to 2,4,5-T resulted in a dose-de-pendent inhibition of DNA synthesis. Also, 2,4,5-T was shown to combine with choline to form 2,4,5-T-acetylcholine, a false neurotransmitter that inhibited muscle contraction. Since the false neurotransmitter could be formed at muscarinic as well as nicotinic synaptic sites, this interference with cholingeric neurotransmission may at least partially explain myotonia, ventricular fibrillation, and fetal growth retardation reported after 2,4,5-T exposure. Einally,... 

The rate of pregnancy induction ranges from 9.5% to 33.5%. The most common reason for induction is postdatism (>42 weeks), which occurs in 10% of all pregnancies. Other reasons for induction include suspected fetal growth retardation, maternal hypertension, premature rupture of membranes with no active onset of labor, or social factors. Contraindications for induction include placenta previa, oblique or transverse lie, pelvic structure abnormality, prolapsed umbilical cord, and active herpes. The concerns associated with induction of labor are that the labor may be ineffective or that side effects such as uterine hyperstimulation may adversely affect the infant, increasing the likelihood of cesarean section. 

In rats orally administered doses of 55 mg/kg or 110 mg/kg of lapachol on days 8 to 12 of pregnancy, 99 and 100% fetal mortality rates, respectively, were observed at the two dose levels, although no maternal toxicity was seen (Guerra et al. 1999, 2001). Fetal growth retardation but no effects on implantation or occurrences of resorption were observed in rats orally administered 100 mg/kg lapachol on days 17 to... 

Finally, fetal growth retardation (FGR) is reported to occur in patients after uterine artery embolization this was reported in one case by Cordonnier etal. [50]. 

Wigglesworth J (1974) Fetal growth retardation, animal model uterine vessel Ugation in the pregnant rat. Am J Pathol 72 347-350. 

Ahokas RA, Dilts PV, LaHaye EB (1980) Cadmium-induced fetal growth retardation Protective effect of excess dietary zinc. Am. j. Obstet. Gynecol. 136 216-221... 

Webster WS (1979) Cadmiiam-induced fetal growth retardation in mice and the effects of dietary supplements of zinc, copper, iron and seleni im. J. Nutr. 109 1646-1651... 

Sugita M (1978) The biological half-time of heavy metals. The existence of a third "slowest" component. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 41 25-40 Travis CC, Haddock AG (1980) Interpretation of the observed age-dependency of cadmium body burdens in man. Environ. Res. 22 46-60 Webster WS (1979) Cadmium-induced fetal growth retardation in mice and the effects of dietary supplements of zinc, copper, iron and selenium. J. Nutr. 109 1646-1651... 

Fellman V, Rapola J, Pihko H, Varilo T and Raivio KO (1998) Iron overload disease in infants involving fetal growth retardation, lactic acidosis, liver hemosiderosis and aminoaciduria. Lancet 351, 490-493. 

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