Fermi reactor

In 1942, Enrico Fermi demonstrated the first controlled chain reaction in the Fermi reactor, and that was shortly followed in 1945 by the start-up of the Soviet uranium-graphite reactor in Moscow. The enthusiasm for nuclear energy in 1950s was so great that scientists would say that nuclear is too cheap to meter . 

But Fermi s reactor just demonstrated the principle. To produce the amount of plutonium needed for a bomb, the Hanford plant was built in the state of Washington. The scale and speed of the project were such that the contract was signed for Hanford before the Fermi reactor actually ran. For the Hanford plant Seaborg and coworkers had to devise separation schemes for kilogram quantities of plutonium... 

Investigations were made in Argonne s Zero Power Reactor III on a clean core mockup. In these studies engineering features wefe averaged into regional compositions and their reactivity effects separately determined. Plates of uranium and Fe,0, mocked up the DO,. The equivalent compositions were 9.38 v/o fully enriched UO, 30.8 v/o Na, 49.4 v/o steel in core, 39.4 v/o depleted U, 2.2 v/o Mb, 28.8 v/b Na, and 18.4 v/o steel in a uniform blanket. These are essentially the Fermi reactor compositions in core and radial blanket respectively. With the fixed core height of 36 in., the core was buUt out radially and went critical at 667 liters and 505 Iqs U-235. To achieve criticality with 600 liters it was necessary to replace the depleted UUanket for a thickness of 2 in. around the core radial boundary with nickel reflector of 61.2 v/o Ni, 16.4 v/o Na, and 12.2 v/o steel. The possible need for such a reflector modification was foreseen because of uncertainties in calculations.. ... 

AMOROSI, A.A., YEVICK, J.G., An Appraisal of the Enrico Fermi Reactor, Proceedings of the Second United Nations Intemational Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Geneva, 1958, Vol. 9, United Nations, New York (1959). 

The objective of this programme was to verify the performance, reliability, and safety of the ALMR design The concept utilizes the wealth of safety and sodium components technology developed for U S reactors, including the EBR-II, FERMI reactor. Southeast Fast Oxide Reactor, Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF), and Clinch River Breeder Reactor... 

The accident to the Fermi reactor emphasized the importance of avoiding local coolant starvation due to channel blockage. Filters can be fitted at the coolant inlet to prevent debris from outside the core being swept... 

As a part of the power demonstration program of the AFC in the 1950s, the Enrico Fermi fast breeder reactor (Fermi-1) was built near Detroit by a consortium of companies led by Detroit Edison. Fermi-1 used enriched uranium as fuel and sodium as coolant, and produced 61 MWe. It suffered a partial fuel melting accident in 1966 as the result of a blockage of core coolant flow by a metal plate. The reactor was repaired but shut down permanently in November 1972 because of lack of binding. Valuable experience was gained from its operation, however (58). 

Fermi began to assemble a nuclear pile in a squash court under the football stands at the University of Chicago. This was really the first nuclear power reactor, in which a controlled, self-sustaining series of fission processes occurred. The controls consisted of cadmium rods inserted to absorb neutrons and keep the reactor from going... 

Nuclear reactor development began during the 1940s, following the demonstration of nuclear fission by Fermi in 1942. Since the 1950s, nuclear boilers have been used increasingly for the generation of electrical power. 

Name in honor of Enrico Fermi (1901-1954), who built the first nuclear reactor in Chicago... 

Fermentor(s), 10 266 11 1 Fermentor agitators, 11 34 Fermentor vent, 11 40 Fermi-1 fast-breeder reactor, 17 586 Fermi-Dirac statistics, silicon-based semiconductors and, 22 235-236, 237... 

Liquid sodium is a volatile substance that can burst into flames if it comes into contact with either air or water. An early liquid sodium-cooled breeder reactor, the Fermi I, had a melting accident when 2% of the core melted after a few days of operation. Four years later when the reactor was about to be put into operation again a small liquid sodium explosion occurred in the piping. 

Shortly after Japan s December 7,1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, the U.S. became more driven to expedite its timetable for developing the first fission weapon because of fear that the U.S. lagged behind Nazi Germany in efforts to create the first atomic bomb. On December 2, 1942 at 3 49 p.m., Enrico Fermi and Samuel K. Allison achieved the world s first controlled, self-sustained nuclear chain reaction in an experimental reactor using natural uranium and graphite. 

Fermi resonance physchem In a polyatomic molecule, the relationship of two vibrational levels that have In zero approximation nearly the same energy they repel each other, and the eigenfunctions of the two states mix. fer-me, rez-3n-3ns fermium chem Asynthetic radioactive element, symbol Fm, with atomic number 100 discovered in debris of the 1952 hydrogen bomb explosion, and now made in nuclear reactors. fer-me-3m )... 

Fermium - the atomic number is 100 and the chemical symbol is Fm. The name derives from the Italian bom physicist Enrico Fermi , who built the first man made nuclear reactor. The nuchde Fm was found in the debris of a thermonuclear weapon s explosion in 1952 by a collaboration of American scientists from the Argonne National Laboratory near Chicago, Illinois, the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico and the University of California lab at Berkeley, California. The longest half-life associated with this unstable element is 100 day... 

Fermium was formally discovered in 1954 at the Nobel Institute for Physics in Stockholm. It was synthesized in 1952 in the Material Testing Reactor in Idaho, but the discovery was not announced. The new element was named in honor of Enrico Fermi. There is no commercial application of this element because its yield is in extremely minute quantities. It has been detected in debris from thermonuclear explosion. 

Ya.B. s unpublished 1943 paper, The Age Theory of Neutron Moderation, is closely related to his studies of the war period. The age theory, developed independently of E. Fermi, forms the basis for calculation of a reactor by slow neutrons. It was in this paper that the famous age equation was obtained. 

After replicating the German fusion of the uranium atom in early 1939, Fermi was recruited to join the secret U.S. atomic bomb project, the Manhattan Project. He initially worked at the project s metallurgical laboratory at the University of Chicago, where he was chief designer of an atomic pile that achieved a sustained nuclear reaction on December 2, 1942. Throughout the war he worked on reactor design and fissionable fuel production at several project facilities. 

Sep. 29, 1901, Rome, Italy - Nov. 28, 1954, Chicago, USA) Fermi studied at the University of Pisa, receiving his Ph.D. in 1922. Later he worked with - Max Born in Gottingen, Germany (1923) and Paul Ehrenfest in Leyden, Holland. In 1924 he returned to Italy occupying the position of lecturer in mathematical physics and mechanics at the University of Florence. He became professor of theoretical physics at the University of Rome in 1927 and professor of physics at Columbia University, USA (1939-1942). During the Second World War he participated in the Manhattan project. In 1939, Fermi and Leo Szilard (1898-1964) invented the nuclear reactor at Columbia University. They assembled the first full-scale pile , as Fermi dubbed it, and executed the first... 

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