Fermentors scale

As this trend levels off with larger columns, it is recommended that values estimated for a 60 cm column are used. If heat transfer is a problem, then heat transfer coils within the column, or even an external heat exchanger, may become necessary when operating a large, industrial bubble column-type fermentor. Scale-up of an internal loop airlift-type fermentor can be achieved in the same way as for bubble column-type fermentors for external loop airhfts see Section 7.7. 

With nse of P.putida KT2442 as the host, which has high resistance to benzene or its derivatives and high dioxygenase enzyme activity, the highest yield of benzene cw-diol ever reported, near 60 gL" on the 5-L fermentor scale, was achieved (Ouyang et al. 2007a). 

Hamilton B, White R, McGuiic J, Montgomery P, Stroshane R, Kalita C. Pandey R. Improvement of the daunorubicin fermentation realized at 10,000 liter fermentor scale. Moo-Young M, ed. Advances in Biotechnology, Vol. 3. New York Pennagon Press, 1980 63-68. 

I 16 Microbial Production of isoprene Opportunities and Challenges Table 16.2 Fermentor scale for isoprene production by different engineered strains. 

Commercial-scale operations are conducted in batch, fed-batch, or continuous culture systems. Fermentation vessels include the conventional baffled aerated tank, with or without impeller agitation, and the ak-lift tower fermentors in which ak is sparged into an annular space between the... 

Organism Substrate Scale Fermentor Temperature, °C pH CeU density, g/L Specific growth b rate, h- Yield Refetenc e... 

Processes have been developed in North America to pilot scale growing the bacterium Cellulomonas or the fungus Trichoderma on pre-treated milled cellulosic material in conventional fermentors, ie in a liquid medium. However, preparation costs are considerably higher than with solid-substrate fermentations. 

False. The behaviour of stirred bioreactors does not resemble closely pressure-cycle fermentors at any scale. 

The 1980 s and the early 1990 s have seen the blossoming development of the biotechnology field. Three-phase fluidized bed bioreactors have become an essential element in the commercialization of processes to yield products and treat wastewater via biological mechanisms. Fluidized bed bioreactors have been applied in the areas of wastewater treatment, discussed previously, fermentation, and cell culture. The large scale application of three-phase fluidized bed or slurry bubble column fermen-tors are represented by ethanol production in a 10,000 liter fermentor (Samejima et al., 1984), penicillin production in a 200 liter fermentor (Endo et al., 1986), and the production of monoclonal antibodies in a 1,000 liter slurry bubble column bioreactor (Birch et al., 1985). Fan (1989) provides a complete review of biological applications of three-phase fluidized beds up to 1989. Part II of this chapter covers the recent developments in three-phase fluidized bed bioreactor technology. 

Some very nice engineering and experimental work was performed by Pollard et al. in measuring a fungal fermentation in real time.21 The work was performed on a 75-1 fermentor and showed detection limits for fructose, glutamate, and proline in production matrices of 0.1,0.5, and 0.5 g/1, respectively. Glucose and phosphate were measured in a 280-1 pilot scale batch with detection limits for both of 0.1 g/1. 

Large-scale fermentor used for culture of D. gigas, with tube of hydrogenase extracted from a 3001 batch... 

Figure 5.16 Typical laboratory scale fermentor for batch or continuous culture studies (Courtesy of L.H. Fermentation Ltd).

When the fermentor in Problem 7.8 is scaled up to a geometrically similar tank of 1.8 m diameter, show the criteria for scale-up and determine the aeration rate and rotational stirrer speed. 

Two major types of fermentors are widely used in industry. The stirred tank, with or without aeration (e.g., air sparging) is most widely used for aerobic and anaerobic fermentations, respectively. The bubble column (tower fermentor) and its modifications, such as airlifts, are used only for aerobic fermentations, especially of a large scale. The important operating variables of the sparged (aerated)... 

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