Fentanyl hydrochloride

Viscusi ER, Reynolds L, Chung F, et al. Patient-controlled transdermal fentanyl hydrochloride vs intravenous morphine pump for postoperative pain a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004 291 1333-1341. 

Another product that uses iontophoresis has been recently approved by the FDA. This device is called Ionsys and is an iontophoretic system that delivers fentanyl hydrochloride transdermally [37, 38], This is a patient-controlled device that provides on-demand delivery of fentanyl for up to 24 h or 80 doses. This device contains 10.8 mg of fentanyl hydrochloride and is designed to deliver a 40-pg dose of fentanyl over a 10-min period upon activation of the dose button by the patient. 

The in vivo flux values for fentanyl agree closely with in vitro flux values obtained with human cadaver skin. In vitro transdermal experiments with fentanyl were conducted using two-compartment permeation cells. Heat-stripped human epidermis was oriented so that the stratum corneum surface contacted the fentanyl hydrochloride solution in the donor compartment. 

Fentanyl citrate—bupivacaine hydrochloride-epinephrine hydrochloride injection (100 mL)... 

Opoid anesthestics alfentanil hydrochloride fentanyl citrate remifentanil hydrochloride sufentanil citrate... 

Buprenorphine, the other option for transdermal application on account of its potency, is more difficult to apply dermally in therapeutic doses (Roy et al., 1994 Grond et al., 2000). A surrogate parameter for skin penetration, provided the other prerequisites are fulfilled (Fig. 7), is the melting point of the active substance. With buprenorphine base this is 209°C and about 260°C for buprenorphine hydrochloride, compared with, for example, 83°C for fentanyl base and 150°C for fentanyl dihydrogen citrate. The DDS developer LTS devised a technical solution for reliable transdermal buprenorphine administration in the form of a matrix patch (Fig. 9). 

Y.-H. Tu, et al., Stability of fentanyl citrate and bupivacaine hydrochloride in portable pump reservoirs. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 47 2037-2040, 1990. 

These authors reported high efficiency separations of heroin, heroin impurities, degradation products, and adulterants (Fig. 8.1). Also discriminated were acidic and neutral impurities present in heroin seized by law enforcement agencies, as well as in illicit cocaine samples, with resolution of benzoylecgon-ine, cocaine, cis- and frans-cinnamoylcocaine. MEKC was also used with a broad spectrum of other compounds of forensic interest, including psilocybin, morphine, phenobarbital, psilocin, codeine, methaqualone, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), amphetamine, chlordiazepoxide, methamphetamine, lora-zepam, diazepam, fentanyl, phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP), cannabidiol, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which were all separated with baseline resolution. 

Fentanyl transdermal system Duragesic Meperidine hydrochloride Demerol... 

I The opiate antagonist fentanyl (C) is prepared in a one-pot three-step procedure starting from 4-piperidone hydrochloride (X) ... 

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