Feedstocks biomass exploitation

ITie first step on the way to the decision if fast pyrolysis is a suitable technique for biomass waste exploitation is to take a serious look at the mass balance. In almost every case bio-oil is the pyrolysis product with the highest commercial value no matter weather it is used as bio-fuel for power and heat production or as chemical feedstock. 

The first type of application exploits the favourable properties of black liquor as a feedstock for high-pressure conversion. In comparison to solid biomass, the advantages of black liquor as a feedstock include ... 

The oxidative dehydrogenation of alcohols represents key steps in the synthesis of aldehyde, ketone, ester, and acid intermediates employed within the fine chemical, pharmaceutical, and agrochemical sectors, with allylic aldehydes in particular high-value components used in the perfume and fiavoring industries [1]. For example, crotonaldehyde is an important agrochemical and a valuable precursor for the food preservative sorbic acid, while citronellyl acetate and cinnamaldehyde confer rose/fruity and cinnamon flavors and aromas, respectively. There is also considerable interest in the exploitation of biomass-derived feedstocks such as glycerol (a by-product of biodiesel synthesis from plant or... 

Using renewable feedstock to make plastics is a key dictum in environmental sustainability. An abundance of biomass that can be used as raw material is available. Of the 170 billion tons of biomass produced annually by nature, less than 4% is used by humans (mostly for food and wood-based industries (Thoen and Busch, 2006)). The first bio-derived plastic, celluloid, was invented back in 1860 followed by a few others in the 1940s. But with the discovery of oil, these inventions were never developed into commercial scale. With future shortage of fossil fuels, the time is ripe to exploit bio-based and bio-derived technologies (Momani, 2009). 

Industrial processes cmivert low-value carbon into high value-added products. To be economically viable, the cost of the overall bioprocess must be significantly less than the selling price of the product. Many variables contribute to bioprocess costs, but for bulk biochemicals such as biofuels and industrial chemicals (which many isoprenoids are used for), the price of the feedstock is the primary cost driver (Rude and Schirmer 2009 WUlke and Vorlop 2008). Currently, carbohydrates from plant biomass are the most important carbon feedstock for fermentation. Plants accumulate simple sugars, cellulose or lipids, which bacteria can convert into energy, biomass and products. Popular model organisms exploited in industry (such as... 

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