Feed oil

The catalyst dust is then separated from the resulting carbon dioxide stream via cyclones and/or electrostatic precipitators and is sent off-site for disposal or treatment. Generated wastewater is typically sour water from the fractionator containing some oil and phenols. Wastewater containing metal impurities from the feed oil can also be generated from the steam used to purge and regenerate catalysts. 

A shaft rotating at 4000-6000 rev/min carries a primary air fan and an atomizing cup. The cup, typically of about 70-120 mm diameter, is tapered by a few degrees to increase in diameter at the exit. A stationary distributor which projects oil onto the smaller-diameter end of the cup feeds oil to the inner surface. The oil, influenced by centrifugal force, forms a thin film, which passes towards the cup lip. Atomization occurs as the oil leaves this lip. In addition, a primary air supply, normally in the range of 5-12 per cent of stoichiometric (chemically correct) air. 

The T-STAR ebullated bed is shown schematically in Fig. 6. The figure demonstrates that a uniform catalyst distribution is maintained throughout the reaction chamber via the upward flow of the hydrogen, feed oil, and recycle oil. The internal recycle allows for increased conversion and assists in maintaining a uniform temperature throughout the reactor. Careful monitoring of the temperature in an ebullated bed... 

The most important pretreatment steps of the feed are proper desalting and hydroprocessing. The latter step will reduce the content of heteroatoms, asphaltenes and metals, and raise the hydrogen to carbon ratio of the feed. In other words, hydroprocessing significantly reduces the heavy oil character of the feed oil. 

Feed oils. Crude from the Wilmington oil field in California was distilled into four fractions of vacuum gasoil boiling between 360-502 (No. ), 381- 96 (No. 5), (No. 6) and 83-73% off at 5 80C (No. 7). 

Lippe, D. (2007) Gasoline price spike shifts ethylene feeds. Oil Gas Journal, 105, 56. 

The pressure vessel containing the sample cell is connected to the pressure generator with high pressure tubing. An oil reservoir near the top of the apparatus feeds oil to the pressure vessel as required for filling. The pressure vessel has removable caps on the top and bottom for loading the... 

Goar, B. Gene, "Selective Gas Treating Produces Better Claus Feeds" Oil and Gas Journal May 5, 1980, 78. 

The effects of residence time (1.0 to 6.2 min/cell), air flow rate (40 to 190 mL/s, cell) and feed-oil concentration (35-190 ppm by weight) on oil removal as a function of the oil droplet size for the three-stage induced-air flotation process were evaluated in the overall performance studies. A feed emuison of No. 

Multistage Experiments Air Induced. Measurement of the system response to a step change in the feed-oil concentration showed that the flotation cells behaved as perfectly mixed vessels. Thus, the removal rate for each oil drop size can be calculated from a simple material balance ... 

Riser Cracking—Applied to fluid catalytic cracking units where the mixture of feed oil and hot catalyst is continuously fed into one end of a pipe (riser) and discharges at the other end where catalyst separation is accomplished after the discharge from the pipe. There is no dense phase bed through which the oil must pass because all the cracking occurs in the inlet pipe (riser). 

At the hydrogasification conditions used, about 90% of the 360°C endpoint feed oil is gasified, yielding a raw gas containing about 52% methane and 10% ethane, with the remainder principally hydrogen. About 60% of the liquid products is benzene. Total liquid products are removed... 

Oils and petroleum are ever-present pollutants in the modem environment, whether from the used oil of private motorists or spillage from oil tankers. At sea, oil slicks are responsible for the deaths of many birds. Very few birds that are badly contaminated recover, even after de-oiling and hand feeding. Oil is deposited on rocks and sand as... 

Experience with the development of the solvent-refined coal (SRC) process had suggested that raw anthracene oil was a suitable coal liquid for initial catalyst studies hence some data were obtained using this type of oil. A filtered oil obtained from the COED process developed by FMC Corporation also was used in these studies. The properties of these two oils are given in Table I. The total nitrogen concentration in the raw anthracene feed oil was 0.97 wt % and the FMC oil contained 1.13 wt % nitrogen. Both liquids contained negligible quantities of ash materials. 

A) Denitrogenation tends to be more difficult with an increase in the boiling range of the feed oil. 

Figure 5 gives the flow scheme of a feed oil system. A high pressure plunger pump feeds the reactor with oil at a pressure of about 75 bar. The mass-flow of feed oil is measured by three Coriolis-Flowmeters. The second pump is out of line. The feed oil flow is adjusted by pump speed which is variable in a range of 25 to 110 rpm. Two resonators are used for pulsation damping. 

Figure 6. Calculated pressure pulsations in feed oil systems.

In the riser cracker, the feed oil is sprayed into the fast upflowing stream of regenerated catalyst. The cracking reaction occurs entirely in this nearly plug flow riser, and the selectivity of desired hydrocarbon fractions is thereby markedly improved. Catalyst circulates smoothly between the regenerator and the riser reactor. The regenerator can be an ordinary fluidized bed or a combination of risers with ordinary fluidized beds. 

Catalytic cracking. A modified micro activity test (MAT) was used for testing cracking performance. The feed oils used in this study were a... 

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