Federal role

Many of the uncertainties shrouding the development of this technology could be eliminated if we could provide actual investment costs, operating economics, environmental information, etc. However, without federal assistance—particularly some type of financial incentive—it appears unlikely that any commercial High-Btu Gas plants will be built. The federal role could be to assist the private sector in capital formation spreading the financial risk appropriately among project beneficiaries—be it industry, gas users or the public. 

PC AST. President s Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology. 1999. Powerful Partnerships The Federal Role in International Cooperation on Energy. Washington, D.C. Executive Office of the President. 

To clarify Federal roles and responsibilities, the Act established uniform criteria for grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements. These uniform Government-wide criteria have the effect of forcing Federal agencies to declare clearly which relationship with non-Federal parties is sought. 

The Federal Role in Industrial Energy Conservation Technolc y... 

The Federal role in resecirch, development and demonstrations is not clearly understood at first glance. One thinks of Icirge industries with billions of dollars and large research staffs and it is not immediately understandable why there should be any Federal funding of research, development and demonstration for saving energy in industry. Many immediately conclude that industry will do the necessary BD D, and that Federal monies could be more effectively distributed elsewhere. 

Industry and its allies still sought to limit the federal role. Within a year, Robert Kehoe was lobbying to have the Bureau of Mines air pollution program ended and the field made the exclusive preserve of the Public Health Service. The two agencies competed quietly for control of air pollution programs for another five years.3... 

Provide for Federal support at start-up without Federal control or a continuing Federal role. 

U.S. laws related to biotechnology, identifying the major regulatory agencies that review research and product development. It is an effort to coordinate the Federal role in the assessment of biotechnology as it moves from contained research laboratories into full contact with the public and the environment through commercial development and actual application (48). 

These remarks will provide a brief preview of sane results frc n a major national field stu oontnissioned as background material for the National Science Board 14th Annual Report, University-Industry Research Relation ips Myths, Realities and Potentials. The Board Report will contain sane historical considerations, a fairly coitpr ensive data emalysis of trends over the past 20 years, a discussion of the federal role, and a hypothesis about the future of university/industry relaticxis. 

Explores possible federal roles in stimulating these partnerships "jawboning," matching industrial grants to universities with federal awards, and tax incentives for industry support of university research. 

Traditionally, the Federal government has exercised this role through support of education and basic research, primarily In universities. However, It Is Instructive to reflect that the predominance of the Federal role In supporting university research has been a relatively recent phenomenon. 

Historically, this Federal role has been exercised primarily through tax and patent policy. These Institutionalized mechanisms have served the nation well In the past. 

What should be the Federal role In helping to ensure that... 

Historically, the Federal government has exercised this role through regulation of Industry structure and competition. More recently, this Federal role has been expanded to Include regulation designed to meet health, safety and environmental goals. 

This Federal role has been rationalized on the premise that the private sector — responding primarily to economic Incentives — will not act In accordance with the public Interest. 

The CWA is a shorter statutory label for the FWPCA of 1948 [PJL. 80-845] and its subsequent amendments enacted through 1996, with changes via revisions or amendments in 1956, 1961, 1965, 1966, 1970, 1972, 1977, 1981, and 1987, 1988, 1990-1992, 1994, 1995, and 1996. The label Clean Water Act was made official in 1977 with The Clean Water Act of 1977 [P.L. 95—217]. The name principally attaches to the major 1972 reorganization of the FWPCA [P.L. 92-500] and is codified under Title 33 [33 U.S.C. 1251-1387], The 1972 changes were extensive (1) required all municipal and industrial effluents be treated before discharge to pubhc waters (2) provided financial assistance to build public treatment plants and (3) delegated to states the routine implementation of the act and simultaneously increased the Federal role. 

Agency (EPA) established. Amendments to the Clean Air Act significantly raised Federal role (through EPA) in US air-pollution policy, including establishment of national ambient standards and emission limits on toxic or hazardous pollutants. 

The modern era of safety regulation of motor vehicle travel in the United States began in 1965 with Senate hearings on the federal role in traffic safety. Congressional concern was epitomized in the opening statement by Senator Abraham Ribicoff ... 

U. S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Government Operations. Federal Role in Traffic Safety. Hearings before a subcommittee on Executive Reorganization. 89th Congress, 1st Session, 1965, Part 1, p. 2. 

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