Feather types

Feather types (a) flight feather, (b) fibplume, (c) bristle,... 

One section of the reverse side of the breastplate exhibits pseudomorphs after feathers (Figure 9). These pseudomorphs are striking in the fine detail of the barbules extending from the barbs. No identification of feather type has been made. 

The identification of fiber preserved as pseudomorphs on prehistoric Amerindian copper objects proved more difficult. Yarn pseudomorphs composed of mineralized fiber bundles typical of some sort of bast fiber were observed, but identification beyond this gross generic classification was not possible (3). The details of construction of twined fabric pseudomorphs also are not well known because the pseudomorphs cannot be turned over for study of the reverse side. Similarly, the particular feather type of feather pseudomorphs cannot, as yet, be classified. 

Birch leaf extract Birch reduction Birch-type reactions Bird feathers Bird repellents Bireactive dyes Birkeland-Eyde process Birnessite [1244-32-5] b-Bisabolene [495-61-4]... 

Wool belongs to a family of proteins, the keratins, that also includes hair and other types of animal protective tissues such as horn, nails, feathers, and the outer skin layers. The relative importance of wool as a textile fiber has declined over the decades as synthetic fibers have increa singly been used in textile consumption. Wool is still an important fiber in the middle and upper price ranges of the textile market. It is also an extremely important export for several nations, notably AustraUa, New Zealand, South Africa, and Argentina and commands a price premium over most other fibers because of its outstanding natural properties of soft handle (the feel of the fabric), moisture absorption abiUties (and hence comfort), and superior drape (the way the fabric hangs) (see Fibers Textiles). Table 2 shows wool production and sheep numbers in the world s principal wool-producing countries. 

Figure 12-6C. Action of gas flow through strip-type feather valve. (Used by permission Bui. S-550-B27. Dresser-Rand Comany.)...

This study was conducted in two remnant rainforest patches on private land on the Atherton Tableland, North Queensland, Australia. Location 1 was the property of S. and M. Ogun (145°39 31 E, 17°15 47 S) and location 2 was Fur N Feathers Rainforest Tree Houses (145° 36 27 E, 17°24 36 S). Vegetation at both locations comprises complex mesophyll vine forest (Type lb) (Tracey 1982). All Australian rodents belong to the family Muridae one group, the old endemics invaded the continent 15 million years ago, another group, the new endemics , invaded about one million years ago and a third group arrived with European settlement about... 

Previous workers have studied the influence of the ratio of the cross-section area of the downcomer to the riser [4,5], the reactor height [6,7], the gas-liquid separator configuration [8], and the distributor type and location [9]. All these affect the flow characteristics and mass transfer. Most previous works focus on global parameters, such as the liquid circulation velocity [10-13] and the average gas holdup in the riser [14-16]. Although much work has been carried out on EL-ALRs, the proper design and scale-up of an EL-ALR is still difficult because any variation in the physical properties of the gas or the liquid and the reactor structural feathers can have a considerable effect on the hydrodynamics... 

There are two distinct markets for meat-type chickens live birds and processed carcasses. For the live-bird market the most important characteristics for the consumers include feather colour, skin and shank colour, the redness and size of the comb, and body conformation. Although the Australorp was originally developed as an egg layer in Australia, its black feathers and shanks make it popular for ethnic groups shopping at live-bird markets. More recently, coloured-feather Cornish crosses have become available and are being raised for the live-bird markets. Chickens with black skin and shanks are believed by some consumers to have medicinal properties. The silkie chicken has been raised to meet this consumer preference. They are reported to have a concentration of phosphoserine (with aphrodisiac effect) 11 times that of conventional broilers (Lee et al., 1993). 

Several major types of animals that produce poisonous substances have been considered so far in this chapter. With the exception of birds, all classes of the animal kingdom contain members that produce toxic substances. It has now been demonstrated that there are even birds that are toxic. It is believed that such birds do not produce toxins but accumulate toxic alkaloids, including andromedotoxin, batrachotoxins, and cantheridin, from their diets and deposit these poisonous materials in their skin and feathers.19 Toxic animals not covered so far in this chapter are summarized here. 

The first projectiles to be discharged from any type of firearm were stones, feathered iron arrows, and iron shot. These were discharged from cannons.18 The first handheld firearms had bore diameters between 1.5 and 2.0 and suitable small round stones were used as projectiles. The earliest use of lead in bullets would appear to have been about 1340 and these consisted of spherical lead bullets.19 Firearms of this era were large and heavy and from this time to the present day there has been a gradual reduction in bore size and weight. By the time the flintlock pistol came into use, the spherical lead bullets were between 0.6 and 0.7 in diameter. 1 Bullets of this type were used for many years in smooth bore muzzle-loading firearms where the bullet did not have to be a tight fit in the bore. 

Proteins can be divided into two main types, based on their overall shape. Fibrous proteins, as their name implies, have fiberlike structures and are used for structure or support. They are found, for example, in collagen (skin, tendon cartilage, fish scales), elastin (connective tissue), and keratins (silk, feathers, horn, and hair). They are tough and insoluble macromolecules, often having several a-helical chains wound together into ropelike bundles. 

---