Fatty acids removing

Fatty liver occurs in kwashiorkor, probably due to lack of protein in the diet, which reduces the synthesis of the structural protein for VLDL (apolipoprotein B). The increased triacylglycerol produced in the liver from fatty acids removed from the blood (i.e. the inter-tissue triac-... 

The commercial membrane separation processes are offered in the areas of nitrogen production and waste treatment applications (1). Developing membrane applications in oil milling and edible oil processing are (1) solvent recovery, (2) degumming, (3) free fatty acid removal, (4) catalyst recovery, (5) recovery of wash water from second centrifuge, (6) coohng tower water recovery, (7) protein purification, and (8) tocopherol separation. 

Fatty Acid Distillation. Distillation of crude fatty acids removes both the low and high boiling impurities as well as odor bodies. Fatty acids are extremely sensitive to heat, oxidation, and corrosion effects. This is due to the reactive acid group at the end of the long carbon chain. These factors are taken into consideration in the design of the distillation unit and its operating parameters. Distillation is carried out under high vacuum and lower temperatures and with the shortest residence time allowable. 

The odoriferous substances in oils are free fatty acids, peroxides, aldehydes, alcohols and other organic compounds. Experience has shown that the flavor and odor removal correlates well with the reduction of free fatty acids. Therefore, all commercial deodorization consists of steam stripping the oil for free fatty acid removal. Currently, batch, semi-continuous, and continuous systems of various designs are utilized to produce deodorized oils. All of the systems utilize steam stripping with four interrelated operation variables vacuum, temperature, stripping steam rate, and holding time. 

By extending this argument to five, six, seven, eight, and an n number of carbons in its side chain, we can conclude that the biological oxidation of fatty acids removes two carbons at a time, starting at the carboxyl end. This is called beta-oxidation. Our conclusion is reasonable considering that the biosynthesis of fatty acids is by acetic acid units, that is, fatty acids are built up two carbons at a time. 

By thin layer chromatography of a lipid extract of a strain of Flavobacterium meningosepticum a serine-containing lipid was isolated. This lipid, for which the name flavolipin was proposed, contained 1 mole of ester-linked fatty acid (removed by mild saponification) and 1 mole of amide-linked fatty acid (requiring acid hydrolysis to make it free) for one mole of serine. These results and the information obtained from I.R. and mass spectra led the authors to propose structure (8) for flavolipin (75). No information was provided concerning the configuration of the serine molecule. 

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