Acetoxy fatty acids

As a general mechanism, the degradation of PVA starts outside the cells via enzymatic attack on the polymer. The resulting products are a mixture of acetoxy hydroxy and hydroxy fatty acids. Upon intracellular enzymatic deacetylation, hydroxy fatty acids are generated that can be further metabolised via the classical p-oxidation pathway and TCA cycle. 

Ethylene derivatives from halides Replacement of chlorine by acetoxy groups Identification of isomeric, chlorinated fatty acid esters... 

Acetic acid, cellulose ester. See Cellulose acetate Acetic acid, cobalt (2+) salt, tetrahydrate. See Cobalt acetate (ous) Acetic acid, decyl ester, branched. See Cl 0 alkyl acetate Acetic acid, dimethyl-. See Isobutyric acid Acetic acid-1,3-dimethylbutyl ester. See Methyl amyl acetate Acetic acid-2,6-dimethyl-m-dioxan-4-yl ester Acetic acid, ester with 2,6-dimethyi-m-dioxan-4-oi. See 6-Acetoxy-2,4-dimethyl-m-dioxane Acetic acid esters of mono- and digiycerides Acetic acid esters of mono-and digiycerides of fatty acids. SeeAcetylated mono- and digiycerides of fatty acids... 

Acetodiphosphonic acid. See Etidronic acid Acetoglycerides. See Acetylated mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids Acetoin. See Acetyl methyl carbinol AcetomerTGIC. SeeTriglycidyl isocyanurate Acetomethoxan Acetomethoxane. See 6-Acetoxy-2,4-dimethyl-m-dioxane 1-Acetonaphthalene. See Methyl a-naphthyl ketone... 

Several yeasts or yeast-like fungi secrete lipids. These extracellular lipids include hydroxy-, acetoxy-or long-chain fatty acids. For example, Saccharomyces melanga produces 3-D-hydroxypalmitic acid. Extracellular glycolipids called sophorosides are also produced by some yeast-like fungi, e.g. Torulopsis magnaliae. 

Several esters of hydroxy fatty acids (such as 3-acetoxy fatty acids) are involved in mutualistic relationships of some plants (such as those of the genus Krameria, Kramericeae) and their pollinating species. D-3-Hydroxydecanoic acid has fungicidal properties (Seigler, 1983). 

Unsaturated C2o-fatty acids are precursors of the eicosanoids (D 3.2.6). 3-Acetoxy fatty acids (3-acetoxypalmitic, -stearic and -arachidic acid) are formed from the corresponding hydroxylated acids in floral glands of some families of Angio-spermae. They are collected by bees during pollination (E 5.5.1) either in the free state or as glycerides (D 3.2.4) and used to feed the larvae. 

Fatty acid synthesis in bacteria and plants is a multistep process. One transformation in the process involves the reduction of the ketone unit in acetoacetyl AGP (94) with the enzyme [3-ketoacyl-ACP reductase and NADPH (91) to give (3-hydroxybutaryl-ACP (96) and NADP" (92). AGP is the acyl carrier protein, and it is bound to the acetoxy unit via a phosphopantetheine group (marked in cyan in 94). 

Saturated lipids and the mercuric acetate adducts of unsaturated lipids of the same compound class can be separated by TLC. In the same way the adducts can be fractionated according to the number of acetoxy-mercuri-methoxy groups. This is illustrated in Fig. 144 for the example of the methyl esters of long chain fatty acids. 

Retention data for all the Isomeric methyl oxostearates were recorded by Tulloch [926], and the elution pattern resembles that described above for the corresponding acetoxy derivatives. GC retention data for some conjugated polyenoic fatty acids with keto groups in position 4 have been recorded [334]. 

Cyclic di-tert-butylsilene derivatives have been used for GC-MS identification of 2- and 3-hydroxy fatty acids [132]. In addition, natural 2-acetoxy [68] and 2-methoxy [69] fatty acids have been identified in marine organisms using GC-MS. 

Synonyms Methyl 12-acetoxy-9-octadecenoate Methyl 12-acetoxyoleate Ricino-leic acid, methyl ester, acetate Classification Fatty acid ester Empirical C2,Fl3304 Formula C,7Fl32(OCOCFl3)COOCFl3... 

Phospholipids, which are basic constituents of cell membranes, are amphiphilic derivatives in which the hydrophilic part is a phosphoric ester and the hydrophobic part a fatty acid chain. Phospholipids of sponges differ pro-foimdly from those of other organisms by the presence of particular fatty adds called demospongic acids (Litchfield and Morales, 1976). These acids have very long chains (from 24 to 34 carbon atoms), with an unusual type of imsaturation, particularly dienic 5,9 and trienic 5,9, X systems, which are very frequent, as well as structural elements that are unknown or rare in other phyla, such as the presence of bromine in the vinylic position, methoxy and acetoxy groups, branches in the middle of the chain, triple bonds, cydopropanes and isoprenic stmctures. 

Ayanoglu, E Kurtz, K., Kornprobst, J.M., and Djerassi, C. (1985) New natural 2-acetoxy fatty acids using chemical ionization and electron impact mass spectrometry. Lipids, 20, 141-144. 

The epoxidation of high-molecular-welght olefins (C,-C,) with peracetic acid In acetic acid solution Is accompanied by appreciable quantities of hydroxy acetoxy compounds, which arise by reaction of the oxides with the solvent. Similar treatment of the high-molecular-welght unsaturated fatty esters has been more successful. ... 

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