Hydrogenation, fat

CatalyticaHy Active Species. The most common catalyticaHy active materials are metals, metal oxides, and metal sulfides. OccasionaHy, these are used in pure form examples are Raney nickel, used for fat hydrogenation, and y-Al O, used for ethanol dehydration. More often the catalyticaHy active component is highly dispersed on the surface of a support and may constitute no more than about 1% of the total catalyst. The main reason for dispersing the catalytic species is the expense. The expensive material must be accessible to reactants, and this requires that most of the catalytic material be present at a surface. This is possible only if the material is dispersed as minute particles, as smaH as 1 nm in diameter and even less. It is not practical to use minute... 

You can hydrogenate some of the double bonds in any polyunsaturated fat. Hydrogenation, whether complete or partial, results in an increase in the melting point, a fact that makes it possible to convert a liquid oil to a solid fat. (Note that partial hydrogenation may convert some of the cis double bonds into tram double bonds, thereby producing a trans fat.)... 

Shortening Organic shortening contains no trans fats, hydrogenated oils, or artificial preservatives. The only brand to look for is Spectrum, which makes a wide variety of organic oils for baking and... 

Wool fat Hydrogen peroxide in the Product for food or therapeutic... 

The Solid Fat Index (SFI) estimates the percent of solids in a semisolid fat on the basis of changes in volume with temperatures. This is of importance in fat hydrogenation and interesterification processes. 

Garbolino et al. (65) studied the effects of shear rate on crystallization of a confectionery coating fat (hydrogenated and fractionated mixture of soybean and cottonseed oils) using ultrasonic sensors. They hypothesized that primary nucleation is less likely to be affected by shear and suggested that crystal nuclei probably form from heterogeneous nucleation sites (dust particles or other suspended insoluble materials and imperfections in the container walls). They also suggested that... 

It s essential to eliminate unhealthy, acid-forming fats from your diet. You learned about the harmful effects of trans fats in chapter i. Read the labels on packages and avoid anything with trans fats, hydrogenated fats, or partially hydrogenated fats. You ll find this information in the Nutrition Facts table or the ingredient list. 

The use of low-field NMR in quality control applications has increased because of the ease of operation and reliability of the data. Most of the applications involve the measurement of Tj and/or T relaxation times, to yield quantitative information relating to the concentrations of individual components. The applications include the determination of viscosity and the measurement of moisture, fat, hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon contents. One of the most common uses of this technique is the quantitative determination of the state of water in soils, foodstuffs, coals, and catalysts. ... 

Butter substitutes via fat hydrogenation Methane from syndiesis g... 

Polysynlane. [Nippon Oils Fats] Hydrogenated polyisobutene. 

We can conclude that Sepiolite could be an adequate support component to enable tailored Ni-Cu catalysts in oil and fat hydrogenation by taking into account how similar the results are when sepiolite is used as the support... 

The synthetic-ammonia process represents at present the largest single demand for hydrogen, followed by petroleum processing (a poor second), fat hydrogenation, and synthetic methanol. At the end of 1956 there were more than 63 synthetic-ammonia plants in this country with a capacity of about 4.8 million tons of ammonia per year. This quantity of ammonia is equivalent to a yearly demand of about 850,000 tons of hydrogen. 

Slurry reactors are widely used for metal-catalyzed hydrogenations of alkenes and alkynes, including the important process of converting vegetable oils to margarine and other fats. Hydrogenations of ketones, aldehydes. 

Trans isomers always occur in oil-fried products because they are formed at high temperatures. The developments in fat hydrogenation with respect to process optinuzation and the selection of catalysts have resulted in a gradual reduction in FA trans isomers in partially hydrogenated fats. The result of complete hydrogenation, in which all bonds of unsaturated FA are saturated with hydrogen, are hardened fats that undergo further modification by interesterification. 

Hydrogenated palm kernel oil fat, hard pharmaceutical ointments Hydrogenated palm kernel oil fat, hydrogenated cooking Menhaden oil... 

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