False Alarms May Sound

However, the heterodimer formed by N-Myc and Max and/or the homodimers TrkA/NGF drive the cell survival P13K/Akt (PKC) pathway. Expression of the TrkA receptor (tropomyosin-receptor kinase) occurred in tumors stagnating without vascular supply and prone to diflferentiate these tumors could not be readily xenografted (due to lack of viability). In contrast, tumors expressing the TrkB 

Some neuroblastoma cells overexpress the c-Kit receptor for its ligand, stem cell factor (SCF), and release SCF in an autocrine loop for self-stimulation of mitoses. Imatinib mesylate suppresses PDGF and tyrosine kinase c-Kit (GDI 17) expression. Somatostatin inhibited PDGF-induced phosphorylation of PDGFR and inhibited ras gene amplification. For local invasion, these tumor cells release MMP2/9. The synthetic MMP inhibitor, prinomastat, suppresses MMP production and tumor cell locomotion. However, MMP expression is promotional for neuroblastoma cell differentiation. The presence of MMP is necessary for the neurite formation of retinoic acid-treated neuroblastoma cells neurite formation is the first sign of differentiation induction (vide infra) [1624]. 

Laminas (LMN-ACO) serve as scaffolds for the anchoring of nuclear chromatin. Neuroblastoma cells with lamina genes deleted and lacking nuclear lamina, fail to differentiate in response to retinoic acid treatment. Lamina-defective neuroblastoma xenografts released cells with accelerated locomotion lamina-free tumor cells formed large tumors rapidly, and exhibited resistance to chemotherapy (doxorubicin, etoposide, paclitaxel). Laminary structures in place were necessary for organ differentiation [1627]. 

The fundamental immunological statement, that Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADC) by normal non-T lymphoid cells bearing receptors for complement and 

Cancer-testis antigens ectopically expressed and spontaneously immunogenic in human mmors. Best examples NY-ESO (esophagus), MAGE (melanoma antigen), SSX (synovial sarcoma X chromosome breakpoint). Patients with SS developed lymphocytes cytolytic to their mmors (shown in late 1960s, text reference 147). 

---

Sensitivity tells how accurately the device sounds true alarms, while specificity defines how accurately the device avoids false alarms. The concept may appear vague, but it vividly describes real situations. A sensitivity of 80% means that there are two undetected hypoglycemia events every eight times the alarm sounds. A specificity of 80% indicates that in every 10 alarms there are 2 false alarms. 

Heat sensors and/or smoke detectors may be part of the building safety equipment. If designed into the fire alarm system, they may automatically sound an alarm and call the fire department, they may trigger an automatic extinguishing system, or they may only serve as a local alarm. Because laboratory operations may generate heat or vapors, the type and location of the detectors must be carefully evaluated in order to avoid frequent false alarms. 

The first problem is that evacuation responsibilities (or emergency procedures more generally) do not seem to be assigned to anyone but can be initiated by all employees. While this may seem like a good idea, it has a serious drawback because one consequence of such a lack of assigned control responsibility is that everyone may think that someone else will take the initiative—and the blame if the alarm is a false one. Although everyone should report problems and even sound an emergency alert when necessary, there must be someone who has the actual responsibility, authority, and accountability to do so. There should also be backup procedures for others to step in when that person does not execute his or her responsibiUty acceptably. 

---