Fabrics inkjet printer

Therefore, it is possible to summarize the motivation for printed electronics quite simply. Printed electronics is attractive as a means of fabricating electronic systems where reduced cost per unit area is an advantage. Based on the poor linewidth of printed electronics, this will almost certainly only be true for systems with low functional density, i.e., systems with no need for dense arrays of tiny transistors, etc. Printed electronics also potentially enables the use of low cost, flexible substrates such as plastics and metallic foils, and additionally, by using different inks in an inkjet printer, it also allows for the easy deposition of a range of materials onto a substrate in a spatially specific way. 

Structuring of polymers today is industrially used for the production of nozzles for inkjet printers [19] and to prepare via holes in multichip modules through polyimide (PI) by IBM [20], as well as for many other applications, for example, fabrication of microoptical devices [21] and microfluidic channels [22-25],... 

Transfer printing uses specialist paper printed by an inkjet printer with sublimation or other dyestuffs for later transfer to a textile substrate. Bulk volumes for yardage will be printed onto rolls of paper for later matching with rolls of imprinted fabric, whereas smaller amounts of transfers are likely to be printed onto paper precut to size. Used extensively in commercial garment decoration, such papers are also available for the home or hobby market, often distributed like ink as compatible consumables by desktop ink jet printer manufacturers such as Hewlett Packard or Epson. Different types of transfers allow nonsublimation dyestuffs to be used as well as substrates of fiber types other than polyester, with transfer processes falling into four different categories (Kiron, 2012) ... 

By mounting a drop generator on a movable carriage that can scan across the paper the horizontal positioning of the drops can be achieved. Such an embodiment was fabricated by the A.B. Dick Company as the world s first inkjet printer (5). 

Biological molecules and structures are assumed to be fragile and sensitive. However, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules could be directly printed onto glass slides using commercially available inkjet printers for high-density DNA microarray fabrication (9,10). 

Derived from standard desktop printers, drop-on-demand techniques, such as electrohydrodynamic jet (e-jet) printing, solid freeform fabrication (SFF), or piezoelectric inkjet printing, are among a few notable examples of rapid prototyping techniques that have been developed to pattern biomaterials. With the incorporation of a user friendly computer interface, these techniques have been employed to process a number of multiplexed, biomaterial constructs without the use of masks, stamps, or any other time consuming processing equipment. The design of such constructs with minimal feature sizes in the microliter to picoliter resolution has been demonstrated and will be discussed below. 

The use of thermal inkjet spray freeze-drying for fabrication of in-halable, excipient-free salbutamol sulfate was investigated (86). A modified Hewlett-Packard printer was used to atomize aqueous salbutamol sulfate solutions into liquid nitrogen. Then, the frozen droplets were subjected to freeze-drying. 

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