Fabric embroidery

In essence, any textile technique can contribute to form a 3D textile structure by being applied in layers or on top of other fabrics. Embroidery may be the most common example, as it is based on adding yams to an existing structure. 

Photochromic materials are frequently used in Jacquard fabrics, embroidery and prints in different garments for decoration. The Swedish Interactive Institute" proposed the use of photochromic fabrics as soft displays. Hallnas and co-workers dynamically illuminated various parts of... 

Schiffll machine embroideries 2399 Fabricated textile products, n.e.c. ... 

Jaro, M. (1990), Gold embroidery and fabrics in Europe, Gold Bull. 23, 40-57. 

Lint from clothes dryers (papier-mache pulp can also be used) kitchen blender transparent or masking tape animal hide glue embroidery hoops thinly woven fabric trays slightly larger than embroidery hoop NaCIO (5% sodium hypochlorite solution bleach) 250 ml beaker red and blue litmus paper watercolor paint prepared in Activity 2.5 commercial watercolor paint paintbrushes mixing trays water containers centigram balance hot plate watch glass. 

Stretch thinly woven fabric over an embroidery hoop and dip the hoop into the tray, spreading the mixture evenly over the cloth. 

In Activity 3.4, paper is made in a basic solution. For paper in which wood fibers are used, NaOH (sodium hydroxide) can make the pulp mixture basic by providing an excess of OH" ions. The NaOH breaks down cellulose fibers in the wood and other plant materials that form the primary paper structure. A suspension of these fibers can be placed on fabric on an embroidery hoop. Also, CIO- ions can act as oxidizing agents in the basic solution. Finally, KA1(S04)2 12H20 (potassium aluminum sulfate Alum) is added to the cellulose fibers to coagulate the pulp (clay is added when it is not naturally present). The aluminum ion (Al3+) helps the clay loosely bond to the cellulose fibers so that the resulting paper is dense and smooth. 

Linen textiles made from flax fibers have been known and used by mankind since antiquity (1 ). Flax has been used in many textile constructions including fine linen fabrics, laces, embroideries, and bridal fashions, and many historic linen textiles have become part of permanent museum collections. Older linen fabrics and laces are prized for their natural creamy color and luster and often have been recycled and reused. However, little is known about natural aging of linen. Most aging studies for cellulosics such as linen have involved accelerated heat-induced aging. 

Cotton fabrics were often used as the basis for needlepoint, embroidery, and other stitched arts. Cotton canvas has been used for paintings. 

The spray test is one of the most commonly used tests for fabrics and nonwoven products. The test material is held tightly on an embroidery hoop and mounted at a 45° angle to the horizontal and 15 cm below a spray nozzle. The fabric is sprayed with 250 ml. of water. The degree of repeUency is rated by comparing the sprayed fabric or nonwoven with pictures on a standard chart (AATCC Test Method 22 (7) INDA Standard Test 80.1-92 (40)). DurabUity of the finish to dry cleaning can be evaluated by first cleaning the fabric according to AATCC Method 86 (14). 

The materials of the thermocouples — stainless steel yam and constantan wire — are processed onto the mattress topper layer by tailored fibre placement (TFP). TFP is an embroidering technique that is used to stitch fibres and yams that cannot be used as an embroidery yarn on a basic fabric. The reasons of their non-suitability of embroidery can be their thickness, fineness, or stickiness or the material itself. The principle of the TFP method is shown in Figure 9.6. The TFP method is most suitable for large-scale manufacturing. The upper sewing thread primarily serves to fix the thermocouple... 

Several efforts to create prototypes of wearable functional devices have been made in the last years. Most of them consider the approach of joining conventional off-the-shelf electronic devices to fabrics, such as microcontrollers, LED s, optical fibres and all kinds of sensors, especially electrodes for ECG measurement. The consolidated textile technology for integrating conductive yams into knitted or woven fabrics and the implementation of sensors through embroidery has encouraged their use as suitable means for connection, data communication and power transfer. 

Chenille sho- ne(o)l [E, hterally, caterpillar, fr. L canicula, dim. of canis dog fr. its hairy appearance] (ca. 1739) n. (1). A yarn with a fuzzy pile protruding from all sides, cut from a woven chenille weft fabric. Chenille yarns are made from all fibers, and they are used as filling in fabrics and for embroidery, fringes, and tassels. (2) Fabric woven with chenille yarn. 

Embroidery im- br6i-d(o)re (14c) n. Ornamental designs worked on a fabric with threads. Embroidery may be done either by hand or by machine. 

Purl p9r(-3)l [ME] (1526) n. (1) A knitting stitch that results in horizontal ridges across the fabric. It is made by drawing alternate courses through each side of the fabric. (2) A picot or small loop that edges needlework, lace, or ribbon. Sometimes spelled pearl also see picot). (3) Coiled gold or silver thread used for embroidery. Vincenti R (ed) (1994) Elsevier s textile dictionary. Elsevier Science and Technology Books, New York. 

Improving processes at the source (including fabric purchase and inspection, stitching, embroidery, packing, and shipping) to reduce rejections at later stages... 

Embroidery is the handicraft of decorating fabric or other materials with needle and thread or yam. Embroidery may also incorporate other materials such as metal strips, pearls, beads, quills, and sequins. 

In decorative embroidery, elaborate stitching is sewn onto a base fabric. In order to make a free-standing 3D structure, the base fabric is dissolved away. An example, which is used in reconstractive shoulder surgery (McQuaid, 2005), is shown in Figure 1.12. The product was designed by Peter Butcher and manufactured by Ellis Developments Ltd. 

Dielectric constant, loss tangent, and thickness are some of the parameters (NASA Tech Briefs, 2008) to be considered for the nonconductive fabric layer. The circuit design of the conductive fabric layer is secured onto a nonconductive fabric layer using sewing, embroidery, adhesive means, and/or 3D weaving (Courtesy of Bally Ribbon Mills). Multilayer circuits can be built using conductive threads to make electrical connections between layers. 

Other architectures include insulated copper wires (to power) and insulated stainless steel wires (to heat) woven into a narrow fabric (Tibtech innovations ) or stainless steel wires or polyamide-coated silver wires held by embroidery or sewing (Forster Rohner ). 

The principle developed here is to integer multiple optical fibre loops and curves within a thin textile substrate, the light being released by macrobendings, as illustrated in Fig. 4.12. With embroidery, the patterns described by the fibres (curves, loops, zigzags etc.) and the substrates (textile, membrane, paper etc.) to which they are stitched define the characteristics of the light emitted by the whole fabric. 

Figure 4.13 Picture of the illuminated embroidery-based fabric (left, from Sebn B, Rothmaier M. Radiation properties of two types of luminous textile devices containing plastic optical fibers. Proc. SPIE, Photonic Materials, Devices, and Applications II 2007 6593 65930E) and its characterization (right).

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