Extremely remote probability

Polymer structures that hold silanols at the interface. Good examples of hydrolytically stable crosslinked structures are silica and silicate rocks. Although every oxane bond in these structures is hydrolyzable, a silicate rock is quite resistant to water. Each silicon is bonded to four oxygens under equilibrium conditions with a favorable equilibrium constant for bond retention. The probability that all four bonds to silicon can hydrolyze simultaneously to release soluble silicic acid is extremely remote. With sensitive enough analytical techniques it is possible to identify soluble silica as it -leaches from rocks, but an individual rock will survive in water for thousands of years. 

B. If the source contained both elements and the absorption lines of these could not be resolved by the monochromator, element B would cause an interference. In some early hollow-cathode lamps this was a well-known phenomenon. It could be overcome, however, by using an alternative absorption line, the probability of two lines coinciding again being extremely remote. Most of the interferences have now disappeared due to improvements in the purification techniques of the cathodes. 

Allowable qualitative probability No probability requirement Probable Remote Extremely remote Extremely improbable... 

Obviously, if all three subevents must occur in order for pressure system failure to be classified as catastrophic, it appears that the probability of such a failure is extremely remote. However, if the analysis determined that an occurrence of any or all of the three events would result in simple system failure and that these events were mutually exclusive, then these events would be connected to the top event through an OR gate (as shown in Figure 12.81 ) and the applicable probability values would be added, as follows ... 

Probability of all events of the accident sequence following the hazard-event is conceivably possible, although it has never happened in many years. Reasoning is as follows events 4, 5, 6 and 7 are individually unlikely, so the combination of their occurring simultaneously is extremely remote. 

Extremely remote may be interpreted as a probability of occurrence in the range of 10 to 10 per hour of flight for the expected mean flight time of the type of aeroplane involved. 

Probable (>10 ) Remote (10" to 10" ) Extremely remote (10" to 10" Extremely improbable (<10" ) Tolerable Negligible ) Negligible Negligible Intolerable Tolerable Negligible Negligible Intolerable Intolerable Tolerable Negligible Intolerable Intolerable Intolerable Tolerable... 

A credible spill for Probable Maximum Loss Potential. The minimum spill source is the largest process vessel. The maximum spill size is the combined contents of the largest process vessel, or train of process vessels connected together if not readily isolated. Between these extremes, a credible spill may be estimated after taking into account the presence of remotely operated shutoff valves adequate for an emergency, and automatic dump or flare systems. 

Areas of the North and South Atlantic, and North and South Pacific present continual extreme and hostile ambient conditions that make survival exposed to such conditions a very limited probability with adequate protection measures. In these locations the probability of survival is increased with the provision of a fixed safe refuge rather than the provision of an immediate means of escape. For offshore facilities historical evidence indicates that both helicopter and lifeboat mechanism may be unavailable in some catastrophic incidents. Remote onshore facilities may also experience severe winter conditions that also render this philosophy applicable. 

The number of molecules that participate as reactants in an elementary reaction defines the molecularity of the reaction. If a single molecule is involved, the reaction is unimolecular. The rearrangement of methyl isonitrile is a unimolecular process. Elementary reactions involving the collision of two reactant molecules are bimolecular. The reaction between NO and O3 is bimolecular. Elementary reactions involving the simultaneous collision of three molecules are termolecular. Termolecular reactions are far less probable than unimolecular or bimolecular processes and are extremely rare. The chance that four or more molecules will collide simultaneously with any regularity is even more remote consequently, such collisions are never proposed as part of a reaction mechanism. Thus, nearly all reaction mechanisms contain only unimolecular and bimolecular elementary reactions. 

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