Extractants 2-ethylhexanol

Mixtures of trioctylamine and 2-ethylhexanol have been employed to extract 1—9% by volume acetic acid from its aqueous solutions. Reverse osmosis for acid separation has been patented and solvent membranes for concentrating acetic acid have been described (58,59). Decalin and trioctylphosphine were selected as solvents (60). Liquid—Uquid interfacial kinetics is an especially significant factor in such extractions (61). 

These Rh-containing phases are mixed with NaOH and 2-ethylhexanoic acid and subsequently oxidized with air, H202, or other oxidizing agents. The Rh compounds in phase 1 and 2 are thus converted to Rh 2-ethylhexanoate and are extracted in a crossflow manner by means of 2-ethylhexanol. The recovery rate of rhodium is 97-98%. The residual water phase ends up in the fraction for external work-up as described above. 

Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid ( diisooctyl phosphate) [272I5-I0-7] [298-07-7] M 322.4. Contaminants of commercial samples include the monoester, polyphosphates, pyrophosphate, 2-ethylhexanol and metal impurities. Dissolved in n-hexane to give an 0.8M soln. Washed with an equal volume of M HNO3, then with saturated (NH4)2CO3 soln, with 3M HNO3, and twice with water [Petrow and Allen AC 33 1303 1961], Similarly, the impure sodium salt, after scrubbing with pet ether, has been acidified with HCl and the free organic acid has been extracted into pet ether and purified as above. For purification via the copper salt see McDowell et al. [JINC 38 2127 1976]. 

Meanwhile, Rohm and Haas introduced the first of the polymeries - polyesters based on the reaction of a dibasic acid with a glycol and with a monohydric alcohol or monobasic acid as chain terminator(j>). These plasticizers were developed as highly permanent, extraction and migration resistant types for specialty applications. 2-Ethylhexanol and isodecyl alcohol are examples of monohydric alcohols used as chain terminators in today s polymeries. 

Extraction of a catalyst used for ) day gave less high molecular weight hydrocarbons and dimers than the catalyst used for 12 days. With the former catalyst the amount of 2-ethylhexanol extracted after acid tieaiinent was more than 90% of the amount of all compounds extracted. 

Extractive Reagent. The extractive reagent is commercial-grade di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP). Various lots of material obtained from Mobil, from Stauffer, and from Union Carbide, have all appeared equally usable. The commercial material typically contains 1-1.5% of the monoester (which is di-acidic) and a small amount of inert material, probably unreacted 2-ethylhexanol and pyrophosphoric acids. The HDEHP generally titrates about 98% (2.8 M) and is used without treatment other than dilution. 

Figure 2. Actinides may be recovered from acidified salt wastes by TBP extraction after the degradation products have been removed using 2-ethylhexanol...

Application of solid-liquid extraction in the field of Inorganic Chemistry can be illustrated by taking the examples of separation of (i) lithium chloride from the chlorides of other members of the alkali metal group and (ii) calcium nitrate from the nitrates of other members of the alkaline earth group. The solubilities of sodium chloride and potassium chloride are very small in -hexanol and 2-ethylhexanol, whereas the solubility of lithium chloride is large enough so that it can be separated from a mixture of the three chlorides by extraction with these solvents. Similarly, using a 50-50 per cent mixture of absolute ethanol and ether calcium nitrate can be removed from a mixture of the anhydrous nitrates of calcium, barium and strontium. 

The recovery of actinides from such solutions by acidification with HNO3 followed by solvent extraction is hampered by the accumulation of H2MBP and HDBP in the solvent. This problem may be overcome by extracting the H2MBP and HDBP from the acidified carbonate solutions with 2-ethylhexanol, EHOH, prior to acidification. Laboratory trials indicated that such a process was potentially applicable to Purex waste streams. Problems identified were the formation of precipitates of H MBP or HDBP complexes on neutralization of the carbonate solutions and the transfer of some EHOH through the process into the actinide extractant used. The extraction of oxidation state (IV) and (VI) actinides could be accomplished using TBP while DHDECMP could be used to extract oxidation state (III) actinides and lanthanides also. 

Examples of common plasticizers include phthalate esters such as dioctyl phthalate (DOP), more properly called di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), and used as an inexpensive general purpose plasticizer. This is made by reacting phthahc anhydride with 2-ethylhexanol. Another example is diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP). DIDP has lower volatihty and improved resistance to soapy water extraction. It has many applications in PVC used for wire and cable coating. Phthalate plasticizers are also made from linear alcohols such as 1-hydroxyheptane, 1-hydroxynonane, and 1-hydroxyundecane. They are often used when superior low temperature properties, lower volatility, or outdoor weathering is required. 

In the case of the less volatile alcohols, such as 2-ethylhexanol and higher alcohols, the alcohol can be recovered by extraction of the alkaline saponification mixture with diethyl ether, followed by carefiil evaporation of the solvent. Subsequent infrared (or nuclear magnetic resonance) examination of the residue usually suffices for the identification of the alcohol. Of course, if more than one alcohol is present, the gas -liquid chromatographic examination is called for. 

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